Academic Decline among University Students
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this research is to identify:
- Academic decline among university students
2- Statistically significant differences in academic decline among university students according to the gender variable (male – female).
3- Statistically significant differences in academic decline among university students according to the specialization variable (scientific – humanities)
The researcher prepared an academic decline scale based on a scale developed by (Dongdong Yan 2022). The researcher translated and adapted it to the Iraqi environment, and established its validity and reliability through statistical analyses. The reliability coefficient was 0.82
Signs of academic decline among university students can be observed through various behavioral and academic indicators, most notably: a drop in their cumulative grade point average, frequent absences from lectures, failure to complete assignments and coursework, and weak participation in classes. This manifests a loss of motivation to learn, feelings of frustration and dissatisfaction with academic performance, and a tendency to avoid or withdraw from academic competition.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Al-Ansari, B. M. (2002). The Reference in Personality Measures. Dar Al-Kitab Al-Hadith, Kuwait.
Al-Imam, M. M., et al. (1990). Evaluation and Measurement. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Al-Jalabi, S. S. (2005). Fundamentals of Constructing Psychological and Educational Tests and Scales (1st ed.). Alaa El-Din Foundation for Printing and Distribution, Damascus, Syria.
Al-Mahmoudi, M. S. A. (2019). Scientific Research Methods (1st ed.). Dar Al-Yazouri Scientific, Amman, Jordan.
Al-Kubaisi, A. H. (2010). Population Education: Concepts, Objectives, Content, Systems Approach, Methodology, Evaluation. Arab Community Library for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.
Al-Zoubi, A. I., & Al-Kinani, I. A. (1994). Psychological Tests and Scales. Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, University of Mosul.
Al-Samer, M. H. (1993). Defining the Scales of Psychological Development Characteristics among University Students. Basrah Research Journal, Vol. 19, Part 2, College of Education, University of Basrah.
Al-Tamimi, A. J. (2009). Curriculum and Textbook Analysis (1st ed.). Dar Al-Hawra Printing Press, Baghdad.
Allam, S. M. (2000). Educational and Psychological Measurement and Evaluation: Fundamentals, Applications, and Contemporary Trends. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Allam, S. M. (2006). Educational and Psychological Tests and Scales (1st ed.). Dar Al-Fikr for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan.
Majeed, S. S. (2014). Foundations of Constructing Psychological and Educational Tests and Scales. De Bono Center for Teaching Thinking, Amman, Jordan.
Melhem, S. M. (2000). Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology (1st ed.). Dar Al-Masseera for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Mikhail, A. N. (2016). Constructing Psychological and Educational Tests and Scales and Their Technique (1st ed.). Dar Al-I'sar Al-Ilmi for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Nassar, F. A. (2014). Academic Delay and its Relationship with Problem Behavior Patterns as Estimated by Teachers among Secondary School Students in Al-Jiyl Al-Asfal (Unpublished master's thesis). Yarmouk University, Jordan.
Odeh, A. S., & Al-Khalili, K. Y. (1998). Statistics for the Researcher in Education and Human Sciences. Maktabat Al-Fikr, Amman.
Rabie, M. S. (2008). Personality Measurement (1st ed.). Dar Al-Masseera for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan.
Samarah, A. A. (1989). Scientific Research Methods (1st ed.). Dar Al-Ilm Lilmalayin for Publishing and Distribution, Beirut, Lebanon.
Abdul-Rahman, S. (1998). Psychological Measurement: Theory and Practice. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Amman.
-Anita Woolfolk (2016). Educational Psychology. Pearson1
- Anastasi, A. (1976). Psychological Testing, 6th, New York, Macmillan Publishing
-Anastasi, A. (1988). Psychological Testing, New York, 6th Macmillan publishing
-Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Contro
- Cronbach, L. J. (1984), ESSNTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGY TESTING -2 "London, Harper & Row Publishers, LTD
- Ebel R.L. (1972): Esseentials of Education measurement, New Jersey, Engewood Cliffs prebtice – Hill
-John W. Santrock (2018). Educational Psychology. McGraw-Hill7
- Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105(1), 3–46
-Martin E. P. Seligman (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death. Freeman
- Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw Hill company
Prohaska, V.; Morrill, P Atiles, I. & Perez, A. (2000). -11.
Academic Procrastination by nontraditional students.Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 15 (5), 125-134
- Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. Freeman
-Zheng, J., Roslan, S., Muhamad, M. M., Khambari, M. N. M., & Zaremohzzabieh, Z. (2022). The efficacy of positive education intervention for academic boredom and intrinsic motivation among college students: A quasi-experimental study.
(Zhen, W. D. Jing T.T. Cheng, R.J. and Li, X. (2022- 14
An analysis of the influence Path of anxiety on the irrational Competition behavior of college students in the post epidemic.
are - the intermediary role of employment values. Alv. Edur.
,918-926-doi:10.12677/AE-2022. 124146