Marital Communication according to Newcomb's Balance Theory and Its Relationship to Life Pressures among Primary School Teachers
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The research aims to identify:
- Marital communication among primary school teachers.
- Statistically significant differences in marital communication among primary school teachers according to the gender variable (males - females).
- Life pressures among primary school teachers.
- Statistically significant differences in life pressures among primary school teachers according to the gender variable (males - females).
- The nature of the correlation between marital communication and each of the life pressures among primary school teachers.
The research sample reached to 200 male and female teachers from primary schools in Tikrit. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built a marital communication scale, which is part of the main requirements of the current research, it consists of three areas: similarity, reinforcement, and attraction. The scale is in its initial form consists of (60) items. The apparent validity of the scale was verified, as well as extracting the correlation coefficient between the score of each item and the total score of the scale. The reliability of the scale was calculated using the retest method and reached to 0.84, which is considered a good reliability factor.
As for the second variable, which is life pressures, the researcher prepared the scale, which consists of four domains, namely (psychological, social, familial, and professional). The scale, in its initial form, consisted of (40) items. The apparent validity of the scale was verified, as well as the correlation coefficient for each score was extracted. The items with the total score of the scale and the reliability of the scale were calculated by re-testing, as it reached (0.82), which is considered good stability.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
College of Education for Humanities, TIKRIT UNIVERSITY. THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
References
Abu Ghazaleh, Samir (2008) The effectiveness of realistic counseling in improving marital compatibility between spouses, a quarterly peer-reviewed psychological scientific journal, Volume 18, Issue (2).
Abu Nahia, Salah (2016): Life pressures and methods of coping among university students, a comparative cultural study, Journal of Psychology (121-141).
Al-Ashwal, Adel Ezz El-Din and Lotfy, Enas Mahmoud (2014): Marital Communication Scale, Journal of Psychological Counseling, Psychological Counseling Center, Ain Al-Shams University.
Al-Imam, Mustafa, Mahmoud Abdel-Latif and others (1990): Evaluation and Measurement, Dar Al-Hekma, Baghdad.
Amani, Abdel Fattah (2012) Communication Skills, Interaction, and Human Relationships, Cairo, Anglo-Egyptian Library, 2nd edition.
Baswell, Amal Bint Ahmed (2007) Marital compatibility and its relationship to self-confidence and methods of coping with psychological pressures among married couples in Khan Yunis Governorate, Master’s thesis, College of Education, Islamic University, Gaza, Palestine.
Barakat, Taghreed, and Hafez, Doaa (2018): Marital appreciation and its relationship to productive efficiency as perceived by working wives in Sharkia, Ain Shams University, Volume (2), Issue (18).
Jamil, Sari Asaad (2017) Emotional creativity among Tikrit University students, research published in Tikrit University Journal of Human Sciences, Volume 24, Issue 3.
Jamil, Sari Asaad (2013) Affective behavior and its relationship to personality types among university students, research published in Tikrit University Journal of Human Sciences, Volume (20) Issue (2).
Al-Hanouti, Saadi Musa (2016): Neurotic Disorders, Obeikan Publishing, Riyadh.
Hassan Mustafa and Abdel Moati, (2006): Life pressures and methods of confronting them, 1st edition, Al-Zahraa Library, Al-Sharq, Cairo, Egypt.
Khadra, Omar Al-Mufleh (2015) Communication “Skills, Theories and General Foundations”, Dar Al-Hamid for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Khanini, Mona Abdel Aziz (2017): Patterns of marital communication and its relationship to managing life stress among the working wife, Faculty of Home Economics, Princess Noura University.
Salem, Enas Abdel Fattah, and Naguib Muhammad (2002) Life pressures and their relationship to psychometric symptoms and some personality conditions among university students, Journal of Psychological Studies, Volume (12), Issue (3).
Seligman, Martin (2008) True Happiness (Translated by the Silk Library), Riyadh.
Shalabi, Wafaa Muhammad Fouad (2015): The relationship between marital communication styles and the spouses’ ability to manage life pressures and its impact on achievement motivation, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University.
Abdul Rahman, Saad, (1997), Psychological Measurement, 3rd edition, Al-Falah Library, Kuwait.
Abdel Fattah, Mahmoud Ahmed (2013): Modern methods of dealing with work pressures, Arab Group for Training and Publishing, Cairo.
Al-Obaidi, Afra Ibrahim (2015): Emotional divorce in light of some variables among married students in Baghdad, Journal of Social Studies and Research, Shaheed Al-Wadi University.
Al-Osaimi, Abdullah, and Maghawri, Abdul Hamid, (2017): Patterns of family communication and their relationship to psychological flexibility among secondary school students in the city of Taif, Center for Psychological Counseling, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
Attar, Asia (2017): The relationship of early, non-adapted plans to marital compatibility among a sample of couples, Al-Hikma Journal for Educational and Psychological Studies, Algeria.
Odeh, Ahmed Suleiman and Al-Khalili, Khalil Youssef (1993), Measurement and Evaluation in the Teaching Process, 2nd edition, Dar Al-Amal for Publishing and Distribution, Irbid, Jordan.
Issawi, Abdel Rahman Muhammad (1985): Measurement and Experimentation in Psychology and Education, University Knowledge House, Alexandria.
Qawarih, Muhammad, and Al-Sharaa, Rabab (2018) The nature of marital communication among a sample of couples in light of some demographic variables, Journal of Psychological and Educational Studies, Volume (11), Issue (2).
Al-Kandari, Ahmed Muhammad Mubarak (1992) Family Psychology, Kuwait, Al-Falah Bookstore for Publishing and Distribution.