مراقبة مظاهر التصحر في ناحية القيارة للمدة (2023-1990) باستخدام بعض المؤشرات الطيفية

Abstract

The title of the research was chosen (Monitoring the manifestations of desertification in the Qayyarah district) to express the worsening manifestations of desertification that man faces in the modern era in various dry, semi-arid, and semi-humid environments. This phenomenon has begun to expand and spread. The Qayyarah district is located in the southern part of the Mosul district within the Nineveh Governorate. It is 65 km away from the district, and its coordinate location is located between two latitudes (35° -38 = 15° - 35° -55 = 10° north), and between two longitudes (8 = 3 - 43° - 10 = 27 - 43). °) to the east, and it is bordered to the north by the Shura District, to the east it is bordered by Makhmour District, to the west by Al-Tall District, and to the south by Al-Shirqat District of Salah al-Din Governorate, which includes (28) agricultural districts. Modern geographical techniques have been used in analysis and interpretation, including sensing techniques. And geographical information systems (GIS) in order to build a digital spatial information base for the study area and the environmental changes occurring in the land cover and its uses for the period (1990-2023), as it is explained to us through maps derived from satellite visual data (Land sat 5 Mss) on the date of 24/ 3/1990 and the visual (Landsat 8 oil, dated 3/26/2023), in addition to designing four indicators for the period (1990-2023), the Green Natural Vegetation Difference Index (GNDVI), the Water Difference Index (NDWI), and the Bare Soil Index Index. (BSI), and the Natural Difference Humidity Index (NDMI), as values ​​vary and indicate a decline and deterioration in vegetation areas due to natural and human reasons.