التباين الزمكاني لتوزيع مظاهر التصحر في ناحية ليلان

Abstract

  This research focuses on the geographical distribution of the manifestations of desertification in the district of Laylan, by studying the manifestations by means of remote sensing and geographic information systems that feed their data through spectral indicators, depending on the period (1995-2021) .

    Administratively, the district follows the center of Kirkuk district, as it occupies an area of (698) square kilometers, i.e., as for its coordinates, it is confined between latitudes (-45, 34°, -36.00°) to the north, and longitudes (-25, 43° and -44, 44°) to the east and includes the district of Laylan (40) districts, and it occupies the northeastern part of the Kirkuk governorate. It was found that the study area is located within the semi-arid region (BSH). Therefore, it will be vulnerable to the phenomenon of desertification on its lands. After this problem has become threatening large areas of lands, as well as the deterioration of its natural resources and prevents economic development in those lands from being achieved. Here comes the importance of studying the problem of desertification and knowing the reasons behind it, its spread and its effects.

     It was found through the selected period that there is a decline and deterioration in the vegetation cover and an increase in the level of salts in the soil due to natural and human causes, which contributed to the expansion of the degraded lands, with the absence of integrated organized irrigation and drainage networks in the study area, as they do not perform their role efficiently, and the emergence of all levels of desertification are within the study area. However, the severe desertification is the highest for the year (2021), which means that the study area suffers from the problem of desertification.