Monitoring the Risks of Desertification in Samarra District in the Area between the Tigris River and the Lake Tharthar
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Abstract
The natural geographical factors have the most prominent role in the emergence of the problem of desertification in the study area. There is an interdependence and interaction between these factors to highlight desertification, and human factors contribute to highlighting them in terms of population growth, urban expansion, overgrazing, and the extractive industries (sand and gravel quarries), which leave traces and residues. Large areas without care and reconsideration of the organization of life in its lands, which turned it into swamps scattered with gravel hills. There are also wrong methods in the agricultural sector, which greatly affect the increase in desertification. Desertification is an inevitable result and an abnormal acceleration of improper land investment. The danger is not only in the rapid increase in population growth rates, but also in the way the land is exploited by man. It is known that the exploitation of the land or the exploitation of environmental resources is linked to a change in the rates of population and economic growth and the level of civilization for them, and that the unnatural exploitation of the land and natural resources eventually leads to disintegration and destruction. Hence, it causes drought, degradation of vegetation cover, soil erosion and water loss.
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