The Effect of a Counseling Program Based on Cognitive Restructuring in Developing Emotional Independence among Secondary School Students
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Abstract
The current research aims to determine the impact of a counseling program using the cognitive restructuring approach on developing emotional independence among secondary school students. The researchers employed an experimental design. The research population consisted of secondary school students in morning schools in Al-Khalis district, affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Diyala Governorate, during the 2025-2026 academic year, totaling 7,575 students. The statistical analysis sample comprised 400 students. To achieve the research objective, the researchers developed an emotional independence scale and verified the statistical properties of its items. The psychometric properties (validity and reliability) were also calculated. Furthermore, the researchers developed a counseling program using the cognitive restructuring approach. The program sample consisted of 20 students who scored lowest on the emotional independence scale. These students were divided into two groups (experimental and control), each with 10 students. The program comprised 12 counseling sessions. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the research data. The results of the current research showed that the guidance program using the cognitive restructuring method had an effect on developing emotional independence among middle school students, and the researcher came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions.
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