Fourth Workers' International
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Abstract
Leon Trotsky, because of the pain he felt at the brutal killings and arrests of the Soviet government, which had inflicted on his revolutionary comrades, seriously considered the founding of the Fourth International, as his struggle against that government, and despite all the difficulties he faced, he was able to establish it and work out.
The ideas advocated by Leon Trotsky gained acceptance among the opponents of the Third International, and those who opposed the actions of Stalin, because of the way in which the latter ran the country, which contributed to the transformation of the old supporters of the revolution to Trotsky to create a new communist environment and base in which they could achieve their goals.
Trotsky's goal in founding the Fourth International was to bring together politicians opposed to Joseph Stalin's government and to be under his leadership, as well as to bring together political currents opposing the government of the Soviet Union.
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References
First: Arabic and Arabized sources:
- Irving Howe, Trotsky, translated by: Nadim Khoury, The Arab Institute for Studies and Publishing, Beirut, 1979.
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- Ludo Martins, Stalin Another Look, translated by: Hassan Odeh, Dar Al-Talia Al-Jadeeda, Damascus, 1998.
- Leon Trotsky, The Transitional Program: The Dying of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International, translated by: Ghassan Majid and Camille Daer, Dar Al-Tali’a for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 1980.
- Mostafa Bayoumi, I know, Kenouz House for Publishing and Distribution, Cairo, 2020.
ثانياً: الكتب الروسية:-
- Родриго Фернандес, испанка, шпион КГБ, москва, 2007.
- Рой Медведев, К суду истории: О Сталине и сталинизме, Москва, 2011, Cтр.126.
- Сигизмунд Миронин, Сталинский порядок,Загадка 37 года – москва, 2016.
ثالثاً: الكتب الانكليزية:-
- Andy Blunden, History of the Communist International, New Park Publications, London, 1977.
- Bertrand M. Patenaude, Trotsky: Downfall of a Revolutionary, Harper Collins, New York, 2009.
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- Leon Trotsky, Leon Sedoff, Son – Friend – Fighter, Young People's Socialist League, University of Central Florida, New York, 1938.
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- Marguerite Rosmer, From Syndicalism to Trotskyism: Writings of Alfred and Marguerite Rosmer, Porcupine Press, Socialist Platform, London, 2000.
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- Wolfgang Lubitz and Petra Lubitz, Rudolf Klement, New York, 2004.
رابعاً: شبكة المعلومات الدولية (الانترنيت):
- https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki.
- https://www.1917.com/Marxism/Trotsky/BO/BO_No_60-61/BO-0542.html.