Tunisian-Algerian Relations: Between Guardianship, Peace and War 1782-1813
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Abstract
The relationship between Tunisia and Algeria has been characterized by Algerian political and military influence over Tunisia since the establishment of the Husseini state in July 1705. Algeria played a significant role in supporting and establishing the Husseini state, leading to Tunisia paying an annual tax to Algeria. Failure to pay this tax would result in Tunisia facing a military campaign or receiving military support for opposition against the ruling Bey in Tunisia from the Husseiniya prisoners residing in Algeria. Consequently, the equation will inevitably lead to the discontent and instability of the governing structure in Tunisia. Upon assuming control in Tunisia in 1782, Hammuda Pasha's primary objective was to dismantle the Algerian dominance that had persisted over Tunisia for a span of seventy years. In order to demonstrate Tunisia's resilience and bolster his military forces, he pursued a dual approach, using political tactics on one hand and leveraging the country's might on several occasions. The second objective was focused on military affairs, prompting him to enhance the Tunisian army by expanding its range of capabilities and advancing the production and refinement of weaponry to ensure preparedness. In order to counter any offensive from Algeria, he made the deliberate choice to withhold payment of the yearly tribute to Algeria and to establish Tunisia as an independent entity, free from any Algerian influence. Following a series of conflicts, the War of 1813 concluded with the triumph of the Tunisian army over the Algerian army. The Ottoman Empire intervened as a mediator to bring an end to the armed hostilities between the two sides. Consequently, Algeria's impact on Tunisia ceased, resulting in Tunisia distancing itself from any Algerian influence.
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