Field Study: Personal interview with Engineer Jawad Kadhim, Assistant Chief Engineer, South Baghdad Power Plant, March 3, 2024.

Ministry of Electricity, General Company for Electric Power Production, Central Region. Training Curricula for Engineers and Technicians: South Baghdad Gas Power Plant No. 1, 2022.

Field Study: Personal interview with Engineer Saif Al-Din Zuhair, Bismayah Power Plant, Ministry of Electricity, August 5, 2025.

Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation, Central Statistical Organization. Statistical Atlas of the Census of Buildings, Establishments, and Households in Iraq, 2017, p. 13.

Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Water Resources, General Commission for Surveying. Map of Baghdad Governorate, 2017, scale 1:1,000,000.

Personal interview with Engineer Jasim Khudair Abbas, General Company for Electric Power Transmission, Central Region, June 2, 2024.

Personal interview with Engineer Abbas Ghalib Omar, Operations and Monitoring Department, Central Region Power Transmission Directorate, Ministry of Electricity, August 4, 2024.

Drozdov and Nikolin. Electrical Properties of Conductors and Insulators. Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1973, p. 6.

Electrical resistance is the result of collisions between electric charges themselves or between electric charges and the atoms of the conductor's metal. The electrical resistance of a single-phase electrical circuit is calculated using the following equation:

[ R=Ptimesleft(frac{L}{A}right) ]

Where:

R = Electrical resistance (ohms per square meter, Ω m).

P = Resistivity of the conductor material (ohm/square millimeter, Ω m²).

L = Length in meters (m²).

A = Cross-sectional area of the conductor in square millimeters (m m²).

Raad Hamdan Dhahir. Electric Circuits. 1st ed., Dar Al-Maseera, Amman, 2009, p. 54.

Mahmoud Jilani. Electrical Power Engineering, op. cit., pp. 194–198.

Mahmoud Jilani. Electrical Power Engineering, op. cit., p. 200.

Electric Power Transmission Networks. General Organization for Technical and Vocational Training, General Administration for Curriculum Design and Development, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, p. 57.

Ibid., p. 59.

Haidar Nasser Shaddad Al-Jubarah, op. cit., p. 29.

Hakob Boghos and Hashem Warquzuq. Electrical Transformers (Electrical Machines – 2). Damascus University Publications, Damascus, 2003, p. 41.

Yasser Al-Turki. “The Electric Power Transmission System.” Science and Technology Magazine, Issue 95, Riyadh, 2010, p. 26.

Samer Azmi Abdul-Jawad. High-Voltage Technology. 1st ed., Arab Community Library for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2014, p. 155.

Electric Power Transmission Networks, op. cit., pp. 157–158.

Haidar Nasser Shaddad Al-Jubarah. The Electric Power Transmission System in Basra Governorate: A Study in Transport Geography. PhD dissertation, University of Basra, 2022, p. 42.

Second: References

I. Arabic-Language Books

Al-Turki, Yasser. “The Electric Power Transmission System.” Science and Technology Magazine, Issue 95, Riyadh, 2010.

Jilani, Mahmoud. Electrical Power Engineering: Studies in the Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electric Power. 1st ed., 2016.

Dhahir, Raad Hamdan. Electric Circuits. 1st ed., Dar Al-Maseera, Amman, 2009.

Abdul-Jawad, Samer Azmi. High-Voltage Technology. 1st ed., Arab Community Library for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2014.

Drozdov, Nikolin. Electrical Properties of Conductors and Insulators. Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1973.

Boghos, Hakob, and Hashem Warquzuq. Electrical Transformers (Electrical Machines). Damascus University Publications, Damascus, 2003.

II. University Theses and Dissertations

Al-Jubarah, Haidar Nasser Shaddad. The Electric Power Transmission System in Basra Governorate: A Study in Transport Geography. PhD dissertation, University of Basra, 2022.

III. Government Departments and Official Data Sources

Baghdad Municipality, Design Department (GIS). Geographic Database of the Study Area, 2019.

Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation, Central Statistical Organization. Statistical Atlas of the Census of Buildings, Establishments, and Households in Iraq, 2017.

Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Water Resources, General Commission for Surveying. Map of Baghdad Governorate, 2017, scale 1:1,000,000.

Source: Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Electricity, Baghdad Governorate, Operations and Control Directorate, System Studies Department. Unpublished Data, 2024.

Electric Power Transmission Networks. General Organization for Technical and Vocational Training, General Administration for Curriculum Design and Development, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Ministry of Electricity, General Company for Electric Power Production, Central Region. Training Curricula for Engineers and Technicians: South Baghdad Gas Power Plant No. 1, 2022.

IV. Personal Interviews

Personal interview with Engineer Jasim Khudair Abbas, General Company for Electric Power Transmission, Central Region, June 2, 2024.

Personal interview with Engineer Abbas Ghalib Omar, Operations and Monitoring Department, Central Region Power Transmission Directorate, Ministry of Electricity, August 4, 2024.

Personal interview with Engineer Jawad Kadhim, Assistant Chief Engineer, South Baghdad Power Plant, March 3, 2024.

Personal interview with Engineer Saif Al-Din Zuhair, Bismayah Power Plant, Ministry of Electricity, August 5, 2025.