First: Unpublished documents.

-Dr. your. And, Documentary Unit: Iraqi News Agency, Freedom Movements, File No. 40091/900 dated April 15, 1982, p. 8.

- And. Kh. A, Research and Information Center, Zionist Entity, Political Figures (Part Three), Document No. 19-279D-P-, August 6, 1986.

- And. Kh. A, Research and Information Center, Occupied Palestine, Members of the Zionist Knesset, Document No.: 333/File 11, 1985, pp. 26-27

Second: Published documents.

Foreign Relations of The United States, 1958–1960, Africa, Volume 14, Document 54, Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in the Somali Republic, Washington, October 12, 1960, p.198.

Foreign Relations of The United States, 1961–1963, Africa, Volume 21, Document 219, Circular Telegram From the Department of State to Certain African Posts, Washington, May 28, 1963, p.333.

Foreign Relations of The United States, 1964–1968, Africa, Volume 24, Document 313, Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Somalia, Washington, June 29, 1966, p.1.

Foreign Relations of The United States, 1969–1976, Africa, Volume 5, Part 1, Document 280, Intelligence Note No. 747 From the Deputy Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (Denney) to Secretary of State Rogers, Washington, October 21, 1969, p.p.1-2.

Foreign Relations of The United States, 1969–1976, Horn of Africa, Volume 6, Document 112, Intelligence Note IN-47 Prepared by the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, September 25, 1974, p.1.

Foreign Relations of The United States, 1977–1980, Horn of Africa, Volume 17, Part1, Document 23, Telegram From the Embassy in Ethiopia to the Department of State, Addis Ababa, July 25, 1977, p.58.

Third: Newspapers and magazines.

- Al-Ahram newspaper, Cairo, issue (38154), May 25, 1991.

- Al-Ahram newspaper, Cairo, issue (32204), February 22, 1975.

- Journal of Political Science, University of Baghdad, Issue 35, 2007, p. 187.

Fourth: Theses, dissertations, and research.

- Asmaa Ghazi Nassar, the Israeli Likud Party during the leadership of Menachem Begin, 1973-1983, Master’s thesis (unpublished), Faculty of Arts, Islamic University, Gaza, 2016, p. 3.

- Asaad Bassem Muhammad, Emperor Haile Selassie and his political role in Ethiopia until 1974, Master’s thesis (unpublished), College of Education for the Humanities, University of Karbala, 2020.

- Anwar Saeed Ibrahim Hussein, Egyptian-Ethiopian relations 1981-2011 AD, unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Arts, Anbar University, 2021, pp. 83-84.

- Ban Ali Hamad Salman, international and regional positions on settling the conflicts of the Horn of Africa, Somalia and Eritrea - a model (1960-1991), unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, 2019, p. 180.

- Jalal al-Din Muhammad Saleh, The Horn of Africa (its strategic importance and its internal conflicts), African Readings Magazine, Issue 1, Cairo, October 2004, pp. 102-103.

- Kharif Abdel Wahab, Arab-African Cooperation and Israeli Infiltration, unpublished doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, University of Algiers, 2011, p. 309.

- Salah Wahib Hanash, US policy towards Ethiopia 1974-1989, doctoral thesis (unpublished), Faculty of Arts, Anbar University, 2023.

- Saeed Shakhir Sawadi, Western Somali Region (Ogaden) and the Facades of the Somali-Ethiopian Conflict, Journal of the College of Education for Human Sciences, No. 3, Wasit University, 2007, p. 12.

- Abdel Salam Omar Arqoub, Israeli-African relations from 1955 AD - 1984, Journal of Human Sciences, Issue 14, Faculty of Arts in Al-Khoms, Al-Marqab University, March 2017, 288.

- Farghali Ali Tsen Haridi, Modern and Contemporary History of Africa (Discoveries - Colonialism - Independence), 1st edition, Science and Faith Publishing and Distribution, Alexandria, 2008, pp. 320-321.

- Muhammad Mahmoud Diab, Israeli foreign policy towards Ethiopia and its impact on Egyptian national security 1990-2001, unpublished master’s thesis, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, Al-Azhar University, 2015, pp. 115-116.

- Mona Hussein Obaid, The Political Reality of Somalia in Light of Contemporary Islamic Movements, Journal of the College of Education for Girls, No. 22, University of Baghdad, 2012, p. 322.

- Miloud Wadhi, Israeli foreign policy towards African countries, a case study of the Horn of Africa 1990-2013, unpublished master’s thesis, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Mohamed Boudiaf University in M’sila, Algeria, 2015, p. 123.

- Nael Issa Gouda Shaqliyeh, Israeli foreign policy towards the Horn of Africa region and its impact on Arab national security (1991-2011), unpublished master’s thesis, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Al-Azhar University, Gaza, 2013, p. 39.

- Wafa Abbas Hassan Ahmed, Israeli policy towards the Horn of Africa (post-Cold War period) 1990-2007 AD, unpublished master’s thesis, Faculty of Economic and Social Studies, University of Khartoum, Sudan, 2008, p. 127.

Fifth: Books.

- Yunus Abdali Musa, Ethiopia between reality’s challenges and future ambitions, Mogadishu Center for Research and Studies, 2016, pp. 11-12.

- Muhammad Abd al-Mu’min Muhammad Abd al-Ghani, Egypt and the Conflict over the Horn of Africa 1945-1981, Dar al-Kutub and National Archives Press, Cairo, 2011, p. 103.

- Muhammad Farid Al-Sayyid Hajjaj, Pages from the History of Somalia, Dar Al-Maaref, Cairo, p. 106.

- Aida Al-Ali, Sudan and the Nile between the hammer of secession and the Israeli anvil, New Horizons House, Beirut, 1998, p. 56.

- Aida Al-Azab Musa, The Plight of Somalia from Fragmentation to Piracy, 1st edition, Al-Shorouk International Library, Cairo, 2009, p. 15.

- Abdeen Abdel Sabour Al-Sadiq, Eritrea and Sudan, the development of strategic relations, September 1961 - December 1982, Center for Strategic Studies, Khartoum, 2012, p. 130.

- Jalal Yahya and Muhammad Nadhar Muhanna, The Problem of the Horn of Africa and the Issue of the Somali People, Dar Al-Maaref, Cairo, 1981, p. 600.

- Ahmed Ibrahim Mahmoud, Strategic Transformations in the Somali Conflict, Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, Cairo, 56.

- Ahmed Sawar, Greater Somalia, Publications of the National House for Printing and Publishing, Cairo, p. 72.