الاثار الاجتماعية المترتبة على اعلان الحماية الفرنسية على تونس 1881– 1883م
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
لم تكن الاوضاع العامة في تونس قبل فرض الحماية عام 1881م بأفضل حال ، الا انها اصبحت اكثر سوءاً مما كانت عليه، إذ تفوق أعداد الجاليات بعد عام 1881م قابله التراجع في اعداد التونسيين، بعد عمل سلطة الحماية على تشجيع وجذب اليد العاملة الأجنبية عن طريق الهجرة والاستيطان في تونس، والسيطرة على ثروتها الزراعية والمعدنية على حساب سكان البلد، مما أدى الى انتشار الفقر والعوز والمجاعة بين فئات الشعب التونسي.
كان من بين أهم أهداف السلطة الفرنسية منذ اللحظات الاولى لفرضها الحماية على تونس هو القضاء على كل ما له علاقة وتأثير على التنظيم الاجتماعي للشعب العربي التونسي، لذلك اولت اهمية كبيرة في السيطرة على التعليم وأخضعته لنظمها لتنفرد هي بنشر لغتها وثقافتها الفرنسية كخطوة لدمج الشعب التونسي بالمجتمع الفرنسي، وفي الوقت نفسه اخضعت الصحف التونسية الى الرقابة لتقييد كل ما يدور حول حرية الفكر، اما فيما يخص القضاء التونسي فقد كان ينظر في القضايا التي تهم التونسيين الى جانب محاكم قنصلية وشرعية ومحاكم الاحبار، لكن بعد فرض الحماية أصبح القضاء الفرنسي في تونس هو المرجع العدلي الأساسي فيها، اذ الغت فرنسا المحاكم القنصلية كبداية لإلغاء بقية الامتيازات التي تتمتع بها الدول الاوربية في تونس.
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
المراجع
Messages and theses
- Nour El-Huda Kassimeh, The French Protection on Tunisia and the Initial Reactions (1881-1883 AD), Master's Thesis (unpublished), Mohamed Boudiaf University of M'sila, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Algeria, 2018
- Majdal Hajar and Hamdaoui Lina, The Tunisian Armed Resistance 1881-1954, Master's Thesis (unpublished), University of May 8, 1945, Guelma, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Algeria, 2019
- Qahtan Adnan Abdullah Al-Douri, The French Administration in Tunisia 1939-1956, Master Thesis (unpublished), Tikrit University, College of Education for Human Sciences, 2012.
- Ashar Fatima, The Strategic Dimension of the French Occupation of Tunisia (1881-1956 AD), MA thesis (unpublished), Ibn Khaldoun University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Algeria, 2014.
- Fatiha Chebeka, French Politics in Tunisia and its Social Effects (1881-1920), Master's Thesis (unpublished), Mohamed Boudiaf University of M'sila, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Algeria, 2019.
- Dahan Salman, Foreign Companies in Tunisia during the French Protection - Between Colonial Domination and Economic Investment - (1881-1956), PhD thesis (unpublished), Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Algeria, 2020.
- Leila Belhadj and Abir Habi, The Financial Crisis in Tunisia and Its Repercussions on the Political Situation (1859-1883), Master's Thesis (unpublished), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Djilali Bounaama Khemis Miliana, 2015-2016
- Rami Sidi Mohamed, Popular Resistance in Algeria and Tunisia, a comparative historical study, doctoral thesis (unpublished), Abi Bakr Belkaid University - Tlemcen, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Algeria, 2017.
- The End of Muhammad Salih Al-Hamdani: The Tunisian National Movement (1881 AD-1920 AD), Master's Thesis (unpublished), University of Mosul, College of Arts, 2006
Arabic and Arabized books
- Jihad Odeh, Tunisia.. The question of Arabism and its political issues, Center for Political and Strategic Studies, Cairo, 1979.
- Jamil Beydoun and others, History of the Modern Arabs, Dar Al-Amal for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, 1992.
- Victoria Nabil Helmy, Order of Notre Dame de Sion, Faculty of Humanities and Theology in Sakakini, d.d., 2012.
- Muhammad bin Al-Khouja, Pages from the History of Tunisia, presented and investigated by: Hammadi Al-Sahili and Al-Jilani bin Al-Hajj Yahya, Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Beirut, 1986.
- Al-Hadi Al-Taymoumi, Tunisia and Modernization (1831-1877) The First Constitution in the Islamic World, Muhammad Ali Publishing House, Tunisia, 2010.
- Khair Al-Din Al-Zarkali: Al-Alam, 15th Edition, Dar Al-Ilm for Millions, Volume 5, 2002.
- Nile Green, Sufism: Its Origin and History, Translated by: Safia Mokhtar, Reviewed by: Mustafa Muhammad Fouad, Hendawy CIC Foundation, 2017.
- Muhammad Ma’adh, the translation movement in Tunisia and highlighting its manifestations in literature (1840-1955), Arab Book House, Tunis, 1986.
- Hamida Amiraoui and others, French politics in the Algerian desert 1844-1916, Dar Al-Huda, Algeria, 2009.
- Al-Tilili Al-Ajili, Sufi Orders and French Colonialism in Tunisia (1881-1939), Publications of the Faculty of Arts, Manouba, Tunisia, 1992
- Charles Andre Julien, North Africa Running Islamic Nationalities and French Sovereignty, translated by: Mongi Selim and others, Tunisian Publishing House, Tunis, 1976
- Ali Al-Mahjoubi, The erection of the French protectorate in Tunisia, Arabization: Omar Bin Daou and others, Serras Publishing, Tunisia, 1986
- Al-Shaibani Benbelgaith, The Tunisian Army during the Era of Muhammad Al-Sadiq (1859-1882), presented by: Abdel-Jalil Al-Tamimi, Sfax, 1995
- Al-Shaibani Benbelgaith, The Tunisian Army during the Era of Muhammad Al-Sadiq (1859-1882), presented by: Abdel-Jalil Al-Tamimi, Sfax, 1995
- Abdul Aziz Al-Thaalbi, The Martyr Tunisia, translated and presented by: Sami Al-Jundi, Dar Al-Quds, Beirut, 1975
- Khalifa Al-Shater and others, Tunisia through History, Center for Economic and Social Studies and Research, Tunis, 2005, Part 3.
- Muhammad Al-Marzouki, Struggle with Protection, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Sharqiah, Tunisia, 1973
foreign books
- Jean Ganiage ,Les origines du protectorat Français en Tunisie (1861-1881) , Préface : Khalifa Chater, Presses Universitaires de France ,1959.
- J. L. De Lanessan, La Tunisie, 2ed, Librairie Félix Alcan, Paris1917.
- J.A. Clancy-Smith, Rebel and Saint: Muslim Notables, Populist Protest, Colonial Encounters ,Algeria and Tunisia, 1800-1904, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
- Victor Guerrin ,La France catholique en Tunisie, à Malte et en Tripolitaine , Tours , 1890
Leagues
- Abdel Majid Al-Sharafi, The Missionary Movement in Tunisia during the Nineteenth Century, Annals of the Tunisian University, No. (8), Tunis, 1971.
- Abdul Jalil Al-Tamimi, The Role of Missionaries in Spreading Christianity in Tunisia 1830-1881, The Moroccan Historical Journal, No. (3), Tunis, 1975.
- Al-Monsef Al-Tayeb, Domain and Authority in the Tunisian Country during the Ottoman Era, Rawafed Magazine, No. (4), Manouba University, Tunisia, 1998
- Adnan Al-Mansir and Amira Alia Al-Saghir, The Armed Resistance in Tunisia 1881-1939 AD, 2nd Edition, a series of documents and texts from the contemporary history of Tunisia, No. (2), Tunis, 2005, part 1.
Internet information network
- The Sisters of Saint Joseph published on 1/13/2022 https://stringfixer.com