سايروس فانس ودوره السياسي في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية حتى عام 1976
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
تعد اهمية دراسة شخصية وزير الخارجية الامريكي سايروس فانس في عهد الرئيس جيمي كارتر (1977-1980)، لكونها شخصية مهمة في تأريخ الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وكان له دور هام في السياسة الخارجية الامريكية في هذه المدة ، تكمن أهمية دراسة دور سايروس فانس في حل العديد من القضايا ، وكان ابرزها مساهمته في عقد اتفاقية كامب ديفيد عام ١٩٧٨، ومعاهدة السلام المصرية - (الاسرائيلية) عام ١٩٧٩، ومن ثم قرار تقديم استقالته من منصبه وذلك لاعتراضه على قرار الخيار العسكري بالأفراج عن الرهائن الأمريكيين المحتجزين لدى ايران عام ١٩٨٠.
اكمل فانس الدراسة الجامعية عام 1939 حاصلا على شهادة القانون , وتم تجنيد مباشرة الى الخمة العسكرية وبقي فيها حتى عام 1945, وبعدها توجه للعمل في شركة للمحاماة حتى اصبح احد شركاء في الشركة , وفي عام 1957 اختير فانس بمنصب محامي في احدى لجان التابعة لمجلس الشيوخ الامريكي , اكتسب فانس سمعة عالية داخل الولايات المتحدة وكونه احد اعضاء الحزب الديمقراطي رشح فانس ان يكون مديرا للإدارة في وزارة الدفاع الامريكي في عهد الرئيس جون كينيدي , وفي عام 1962 اصبح فانس النائب الثاني لوزير الدفاع الامريكي روبرت مكنمارا , ومن ثم اصبح فانس وكيل وزير الدفاع عام 1963واثناء عمله في هذا المنصب ساهم فانس في حل العديد من القضايا الخارجية منها دوره في بنما وازمة القناة , ودوره في اعادة الامن لجمهورية الدومنيكان اثر التدخل الامريكي عام 1965, وفي عام 1967 قدم فانس استقالته من منصبه على اثر معارضته لقرار التدخل الامريكي في فيتنام 0
رجع فانس الى المحاماة ولكن الرئيس ليندون جونسون اختاره عام 1967مندوبا خاصا له , وساهم في حل العديد من القضايا الدولية منها القضية القبرصية عام ١٩٦٧، وازمة شبه الجزيرة الكورية عام ١٩٦٨، ودوره في محادثات باريس عام ١٩٦٨ لأنهاء الحرب في فيتنام , وفي عام 1974 اصبح فانس رئيسا لنقابة محاميي مدينة نيويورك, ورشحه الرئيس كارتر في عام 1977 لمنصب وزير الخارجية
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة
المراجع
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ثانيا : الرسائل والاطاريح الجامعية.
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- Mushtaq Talib Hussein Al-Khafaji, The Cyprus Crisis 1963-1967, Journal of the College of Education for Human Sciences, Babylon University, Issue 8, Volume 1, 2011.
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