The Emirate of Hajj during the Reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (170-193 AH/786-808 AD)
Main Article Content
Abstract
When writing about the Emirate of Hajj in the Arab Islamic State, one must stop at the time period of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, due to its importance in knowing the development of historical events and their dimensions. By tracking who took over that emirate, we can deduce many things about the political approach that Caliph Harun al-Rashid adopted in running the state.
Metrics
Article Details
College of Education for Humanities, TIKRIT UNIVERSITY. THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
References
First: the sources
- Al-Azraqi, Abu bin Abdullah bin Al-Walid Machometus Ahmed (d.250 AH). News and Makkah Antiquitatum, in ea clauduntur, Edited by Al-Rushdi Saleh 1965.
- Al-Burhan Fawry, Aladdin Ali Al-Muttaki bin Husam Al-Din Al-Hindi (d. 975 AH). Treasure of Workers in the Sunan of Words and
- Al-Baswi, Abu bin Yusuf Yaqoub Sufyan (d. 975 AH). Scientia atque historia, ab Al-Akram Diaa Omari, Al-Irshad Press, Bagdad,1979.
Ibn Taghra 'Bardi, Jamal al-Din patrem al-al-Mahasin Yusef Atabaki (d.874 AH). Reges Aegypti et stellarum in cunctis prospere agens habitabatque in Cairo, ex Aegyptia pro Foundation auctoritas, Translation Press, Cairo,N.D.
- Al-Jaziri, Abdul Qadir Muhammad bin Abdul Qadir Machometus bin Al-bin Ibrahim Ansari (d.977 AH). Et generate ordinetur per beneficia Dei nuntium et Hajj ut tualias, Al-Salafiya Press, Cairo, 1484AH.
- Ibn Hazm, Machometus Ali bin Abu Saeed Al-Andalusi (d.456 AH). Arabum census populi est, inquisitio. Provengal Levi, Dar Al Ma'arif, Cairo,1948.
- Al-Dhahabi, Abu Ahmed bin Abdullah bin Othman Shams al-Din Muhammad (d.748 AH). Vita signa atque vexilla et proceres, ab Al-Shuaib Arnaout et aliis, quod Resala Foundation, Berytus, et1981.
-_______________, Abu Ahmed bin Abdullah bin Othman Shams al-Din Muhammad (d.748 AH)). Al-News ex abundantia in Heber, ab Al-al-Din ACETARIA Munajjid, Cuvaitum,1906.
- Al- Zubairi, Abu Abdullah Al-bin Abdullah bin Al-Musab Musab (d.236 AH). Generationes Quraysh: editis & emendatum per `Levi Provencal, Dar Al Ma'arif, Cairo,1953.
- Al- Sabi: bin Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Hilal (d. 384 AH). Al-Letters Mukhtar ex Al-Sabi edita a Shakib Arslan habita commentatione, Dar Al-Nahda Berytus, N.D.
- Al- Safadi, quo ortus Calil Al-Din Aybak bin (d.764 AH). Al-Humayyan iocus ioci in cæcus, Al-Jamali Press, Aegypti,1911.
- Al - Tabari, Muhammad bin Abu Jaafar Jarir (d. 310 AH). Historia Et Al-Tabari, Edited by Muhammad Al-Fadl Abu Ibrahim, 4th Edition, Dar Al-Ma'arif, Cairo,1977.
- - Ibn Abd al-Bar, Abi Omar Yusuf bin Abdullah bin Muhammad (d. 463 AH). Assimilation in the Knowledge of the Companions, achieved by Ali Muhammad Al-Bajawi, Volume 2, Nahda Press
Egypt, Cairo, N.D.
- Ibn Qutaybah, Abdullah bin Abu Muhammad al-Muslim Dinuri (d.276 AH). Ayyun al-Akhbar, C2: Dar Al-Kotob Aegyptia Press, Cairo,1925.
- Ibn Kathir, Imad Al-Din Abi Al-Fida Ismail Al-Qurashi (d. 774 AH). The Beginning and the End, achieved by Ahmed Abu Melhem and others, 3rd edition, Dar Al-Hadith, Cairo, 1987.
- Al-Mawardi, Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad bin Habib Al-Basri Al-Baghdadi (died 450 AH). Sultanate rulings and religious states, Dar Al-Hurriya for printing, Baghdad, 1989.
- Al-Maqrizi, Taqi Al-Din Ahmed bin Ali (d. 854 AH). Casted gold in remembrance of the pilgrims of the Caliphs and Kings, investigated by Karam Helmy Farhat, Ain for Human and Social Studies and Research, Al Haram, 2009.
- AL - Nawawi: bin Abu Zakaria Muhyiddin Sharaf (d. 676 AH). Declaratio super ritibus miscuerunt Hajj, by Al-Majzoub Machometus Dominus Al-Rifa'i Al-Husseini, Ibn Khaldoun Printing and Publishing Domus enim, Damascum pergebam, N.D.
- Ibn Hisham, Abu Machometus Abd al-Malik al-Basri (d.218 AH). Vita Et propheta cum Hisham Ibn Al-Khashni Dharr Abu explicandum est, ab Humam bin Abdullah Al-Thomas Rahim et Machometus Tasalik, Al-manar Library Jordan1988.
- Al-Yaqoubi, Aḥmad ibn Abi Ya`qub Ibn Ja`far Ibn Wahb et bene notum scriptor Ibn Al-Wahid Akhbari (d.292 AH). Al-Yaqoubi historia, Al-Haidarya Library Najaf, 1964.
- Abu Ya'la, Abu Al Hussein Machometus bin Al Qadi, Abu Ya'la Machometus bin Al Hussain bin Al Fura (d.526 AH). Iudiciorum oris Imperatoris d. M., N.D.
Second: References
-Suleiman Machometus Tahawi .Omar Sephu et Gatham et Khattab Ibn Al-Politica Originibus Administration Latini: Editio II, Dar Al-fikr Al-Arabi, Cairo,1976.
- Dabbous Sala al-Din. de quo ortus, Caliphi, et remotionem sua assumptione, a constitutionalis conlationem islamicis daret doctrina, studio comparativum Arabum constitutionalis systems, Universitas Culture Foundation, Alexandria, d.distributione, Damascum pergebam , ND.
- Abd al-Majid Muhammad Salih al-Kubaisi, the era of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik 105-125 AH / 724-743 AD, Salman al-Azami Press, Baghdad, 1975.
- Farouk Fawzi Omar, In Natura totiusque Abbasid Voca 89 AH / 716 BCE - 132 AH / 749 BCE An analyticae Studia Librorum Facades totiusque Abbasid Novarum Rerum Et Interpretatione, Al-Shaab Press, Bagdad, N.D.
-Muhammad Emara, et caliphs et emergentium islamica partibus et Arabum pro Foundation Studies and Publishing, Berytus, 1977.
- Walter Hintz, Islamic weights and weights and their equivalents in the metric system, translated by Kamel Al-Asali, N.p, N.D.
- wjdan fariq einad alearidi, The Emirate of Hajj in the Arab Islamic State 8-132 AH / 629-750 AD, Dar Amjad Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2017.
Third: university theses
-Najla Qassem Al-Sabbagh, et in Hijaz Abbasid parere Primo Aevo nondum editorum MA propositum facultatis artium Cairo University, 1969.
Fourth: Published research
- Ali Abdul Rahman Al-Bahasin. Makkah Al-Mukarramah, the Abbasid Call Center, Journal of the Arab History, No. 5, 1977.
- _____________ History of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the Abbasid Era, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, 1975.