Analysis and Modeling of the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Sargaran Subdistrict
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Abstract
The study examined the geographical traits of groundwater and its environmental sustainability in Sarkaran subdistrict, located west of Dibs district in Kirkuk Governorate, alongside the Little Zab River in northern Iraq. The area spans coordinates between latitudes 35°31'32"–35°52'0" N and longitudes 43°43'30"–44°7'5" E, covering a total area of 727.651 km² according to recent surveying data. Employing inductive, analytical, and descriptive methods, the research identified notable physical and chemical variations in water quality, primarily attributed to local rock formations rich in soluble salts and minerals that significantly influence groundwater composition. Electrical conductivity values ranged from 244 to 3630 µS/cm³, total dissolved solids from 210 to 2187 mg/L, and pH levels from 6.6 to 8.1 across the studied wells. Well samples revealed an average calcium concentration of 236.9 mg/L, with a range of 90–550 mg/L, sodium levels between 49–125 mg/L, and bicarbonates ranging from 120–300 mg/L, collectively.
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