Images of the behaviors of Andalusian society during religious occasions in the Umayyad Caliphate era (316-422 AH / 929-1031 AD)
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Abstract
This study examines social behaviors associated with religious occasions in al-Andalus during the Caliphate period, focusing on Islamic festivals, Ramadan, and other religious seasons. It highlights how these occasions functioned as arenas of social cohesion, where values of solidarity and compassion were expressed through charity, public feasts, and collective participation in rituals. The paper also analyzes the role of religious institutions, scholars, and political authority in organizing and regulating these events, reflecting the interaction between religion and everyday life. The findings suggest that religious occasions were not merely devotional practices but effective mechanisms for constructing collective identity and reinforcing social stability within Andalusian society. Through these practices, a distinctive set of religious and civilizational values emerged, contributing to the cultural cohesion and continuity that characterized the Caliphate era in al-Andalus.
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