Monitoring the Reality of the Vegetation Cover of the Undulating Region of Iraq for the Period from 1980 to 2020 Using GIS and RS techniques
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the present study, the researcher relied on using the most important indicators which are NDVI, SAVI, BSI and CL. The aim of these indicators is to know the areas of natural vegetation, whether they have declined or expanded over the years, and whether there were natural plants of varying types and areas, and whether natural conditions played a role in this difference in area for the period of 42 years from 1980 - 2022, located coordinates between latitudes (˭21 ˉ30 ˚33) and (˭31 ˉ55 ˚36) north and between longitudes (˭14 ˉ10 ˚40) and (˭51 ˉ58 ˚45) east. The study relied on data from 6 climate stations distributed in the study area, Table (1) and Map (1), in addition to using (GIS) and using satellite images (Landsat) for the spring season and the Ars GIs (10.5) program in monitoring and observing changes in vegetation cover. In light of the above mentioned, several proposals were reached, the most prominent of which is the imbalance between areas and vegetation cover and between climate elements, while the state of weakness in the vegetation cover that the study area suffers from remains.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- دالة النطاق الحسابية :https://enterprise.arcgis.com/ar/portal/10.7/use/band-arithmetic -function.htm:
المصادر الأجنبية :
- S.LI,X.Chen,A New Bare-Soil Index for Rapid Mapping Developing Areas Using LANDSAT 8 Data, The International Archives of the photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-4,2014,ISPRS Technical Commission IV Symposium, 14- 16 May 2014, Suzhou, China,
-S Himayah,and other, the Utilization of Landsat 8 Multitemporal lmagery and forest Canopy Density (FCD) Model for Forest reclamation priority of naturl Disaster Areas at Kelud Mountain,
East Java Gadjah Mada University,2016.
- Jayne Belnap, Otto L. Lange , Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management, springer, Berlen,Germany, 2003.
ترجمة المصادر :
References
- Abu Samour Hassan, Biogeography and Soil, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing, Distribution and Printing, University of Jordan, 2nd ed., 2009 .
- Abu Samour Hussein, Ali Ghanem, Introduction to Physical Geography, 1st ed., Dar Safa, Amman, Jordan, 1988 .
- Abu Wali Muhammad Al-Saeed, Abu Al-Khair Adel Muhammad, Land Degradation, 1st ed., Library of Science and Faith, Kafr El-Sheikh, 2004.
- Al-Rawi Sabah Mahmoud, Al-Bayati Adnan Hazza, Foundations of Climatology, no edition, Dar Al-Hikma for Printing and Publishing, Mosul, 1990.
- Khasbak Shaker, Northern Iraq, a Study of Natural and Human Aspects, Shafiq Press, Baghdad, 1973.
- Issa Saleh Mustafa, Climatic Geography, 1st ed., Library of Arab Society for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, Jordan, 2010.
Theses and Dissertations
- Al-Sumaidaie Ahmed Abdul Ghafoor Khattab, Modeling rain clouds to estimate rainfall in the mountainous region of Iraq using fuzzy logic and neural networks, PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Education, Tikrit University, 2015.
- Al-Rubaie Noah Fadhel Mahmoud, The impact of climate change on the deterioration of natural resources in Kirkuk Governorate, PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Education, Tikrit University, 2023.
- Al-Ubaidi Hamda Hamoudi Sheet, The impact of climate extremism on the environment of the undulating region in Iraq, PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Education, Tikrit University, 2004.
- Ashour Talib Ahmed Abdul Razzaq, Evaluating the role of climate in the agricultural economy of the mountainous region and the mountain network in Iraq, PhD thesis, unpublished, College of Arts, University of Baghdad, 2007.
Scientific Journals
- Al-Sumaidaie Ahmed Abdul Ghafoor Khattab, Preparation and processing of satellite images, inferring weather and climate data - remote sensing techniques, Al-Adab Al-Farahidi Journal of Arts, Tikrit University, Issue 34, 2018.
- Al-Hamidawi Shireen Mujbil Abu Jassim, Al-Jassani Nisreen Awad, Study and analysis of the difference in vegetation cover index (NDVI) in selected areas of Iraq, Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Kufa, College of Education for Girls, Issue 5, Volume 1, 2020.
- Hassan Ibtihal Taqi, Using the evidence (NDVI) and (NDBI) (NDWI) to detect changes in land cover for selected areas in Najaf Governorate for the period between (2001 - 2006) using remote sensing data, University of Kufa, College of Education for Girls, Issue 2, Volume 751, 2014.
- Khalil Kazim Jassim, Zuhair Ahmed Muhammad, Geographical analysis of soil degradation in the study area of Diyala using remote sensing indicators (RS), University of Iraq, College of Arts, Issue 34, Volume not available, 2023.
- Lasheb Saad Rajab Hamdo, Analysis of change in vegetation cover using spectral indicators (NDVI) and (Savi) in basins, Al-Malikah, Al-Naghaz, Al-Khabiri - Eastern Libya, University of Benghazi, College of Environmental Sciences, Al-Marj, Issue 17, Volume 1, Year 2023.