مفهوم المكلِّف – الله - عند أبي حامد الغزالي(ت:505ه) في نظريته للتكليف العقدي دراسـة وصفية تحليلية

Abstract

   This study is a descriptive and analytical examination of the doctoral thesis titled "The Theory of Doctrine Assignment according to Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali, who passed away in 505AH."  The incongruity between the attributes of creatures and the divine nature of God, may His glory be exalted, is a topic that Al-Ghazali addresses in his work on the attributes. Al-Ghazali follows the teachings of his mentor, Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ash’ari, in affirming the seven meanings of the attributes while either remaining silent or occasionally providing interpretations for other attributes. This approach is rooted in the belief that it aligns with the doctrinal stance of the early scholars.  The prominent Ash'ari imams were known for their opposition to misleading and destructive ideologies. They authored numerous books on their doctrinal beliefs, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the most beautiful names of God, outlining the principles of belief, promoting simplicity in faith, and bridging theological concepts for the general populace. This correspondence highlights Al-Ghazali's focus on comprehending the essence of God within the framework of his doctrine.  The concept of the Supreme Being and His characteristics are rooted in principles that encompass the understanding of the existence of God Almighty, His transcendence beyond physical form or accidental attributes, His omnipresence, His omniscience, His oneness, and His possession of qualities such as life, knowledge, power, devotion, hearing, insight, and speech.  The occurrence of accidents is distant from it, and it possesses antiquity in speech, knowledge, and will. These attributes surpass the essence, as they have existed since ancient times within the essence. It is impermissible for any of these attributes to be considered accidental.