The Jaffa-Jerusalem Railway and Its Economic and Social Impact on the Levant 1888 – 1914
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Study aims to highlight the Jaffa-Jerusalem railway and its economic and social impact, especially after the line facilitated the transport of European goods to Jaffa port. It is also contributed to the economic development of Jerusalem and Palestine in general through transporting goods and crops throughout Palestine. The line also contributed to the development of the lives of Palestinians, especially after the trains set off on one journey a day and that made transporting and traveling large numbers of visitors and pilgrims, who visited Palestine at different times easier. Additionally, the line had an important role in settling large numbers of people who came to the region hoping to find a better opportunity to improve their lives comparing with their former places of living .
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
First: Books of notes
Sultan Abdul Hamid, My Political Memoirs 1891-1908, Al-Risala Foundation, Beirut, 1977 CE.
Second: Arabic and Arabized books
Ibrahim Aswad et al., Description of Palestine at the End of the Ottomans, 1868-1916, Travels and Memoirs, Dar Kanaan, Damascus, 2010.
Ahmad Hussein Abd al-Jabburi, Jerusalem in the Ottoman Era 1516-1640 CE, Political-Military-Administrative-Economic-Social-Cultural Study, Dar Al-Hamid for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2010.
Ahmed Khair Aboora, The Hijaz railway, originality and modernity, 3rd floor, The General Organization for the Hijaz railway, Damascus, 1998.
Emile Khoury, Adel Ismail, International Politics in the East, Political Publishing House and History, Beirut, 1990, Part 1.
Badr Al-Din Al-Sibai, Spotlight on Foreign Capital in Syria, 1850-1985, Dar Al-Jamaheer, Damascus, 1967 AD.
Soraya Faruqi et al., The Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Volume 1600-1914, translated by Qasim Abdo Qasim, Volume Two, Dar Al-Madar Al-Islami, Beirut, 2007 AD.
Khaled Waad Allah, Jaffa - Jerusalem, a brief history of the colonial railroad, Bab al-Wad website, 17-10-2018.
Johnny Mansour, the Hijaz railway, history and development of the Daraa-Haifa train, Jerusalem Studies Foundation, Jerusalem, 2008 CE.
- Rizkallah Helan, Culture and Economic Development in Syria and Different Countries, Dar Maysaloun, Damascus, 1980.
Robert Schnierbe, General History of Civilizations, Nineteenth Century, 2nd Edition, translated by Youssef Asad Dagher, Farid Dagher, Aouidat Publications, Beirut - Paris, 1987, Volume VI.
Saeed Hamadeh, The Economic System in Syria and Lebanon, Publications of the American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1936.
Saham Muhammad Hindawi, History of Damascus in the Era of Sultan Abdul Hamid, Raslan House, Damascus, 2012 AD.
Charles Issawi, The Economic History of the Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914, translated by Raouf Abbas Hamid, Center for Arab Unity Studies, Beirut, 1990.
Aref Pasha Al-Aref, History of Jerusalem, Dar Al-Maarif, Egypt, 1951.
th . Abdul Aziz Othman and Muhammad Al-Taqi Abdul Rahman, Syria and Lebanon, A Comprehensive Study of Natural Geography, Human Life, and Economic Life, Rabea Library, Aleppo, 1954 AD.
Abdel Aziz Muhammad Awad, the Ottoman Administration in the Syrian State, 1864-1914, Dar Al-Maarif, Cairo, 1969.
Abdel-Karim Rafiq, The Damascene Economy in the Face of the European Economy in the Nineteenth Century, Researches in the Economic and Social History of the Levant in the Modern Age, Atlas Library, Damascus, 1985 AD.
Azza Ali Ak Baiq, the history of railways in the Levantine region during the late Ottoman rule and its political, military, social, and economic implications 1891-1918, Dar Al-Arab, Damascus, 2018.
- Ali Mohafaza, the position of France, Germany, and Italy towards Arab unity 1919-1945, Center for Arab Unity Studies, Beirut, 1985.
Laila Al-Sabbagh, European Communities in the Levant in the Ottoman Era in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Al-Risala Foundation, Beirut, 1989, Part 1.
Matin Hawlaku, the Hijaz railway, the giant project of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, translation: Muhammad Hawash, Dar Al Nil, Cairo, 2011.
Muhammad Kord Ali, The Plans of Levant, Al-Nuri Publishing Library, Damascus, d. V, c 5.
Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Sayyad, Transport in the Arab Countries, Institute of Higher Arab Studies, Cairo, 1956.
Naji Alloush and others, The Arab National Movement in the Hundred Years, 1875-1982, Dar Al-Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 1997.
Nawar Hussain Mustafa Al-Jubouri, French Consular Activity in Al-Quds Al-Sharif 1840-1900, Dar Al-Hamid for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2015.
Nouf Bint Rizq Al-Roudhan, The emergence of railways and their effects in the Arab East in the nineteenth century AD, Abdul Rahman Al-Dairi Charitable Foundation, 2006 AD.
Wajih Kawtharani, Bilad al-Sham in the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Population, Economy, Palestine and the Zionist Project Read in the documents of French diplomacy, 3rd edition, Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Beirut, 2013.
Third: University theses and dissertations
Ibrahim Muhammad Abd Al-Latif Neamat Allah, Ramla in the late Ottoman period 1864-1914 through Sharia court records, Master Thesis (unpublished), College of Arts, Islamic University - Gaza, 2004 AD.
Zainab Abdul-Muttalib Taher, Entry of the Ottoman Empire in World War I 1914 - A Study of Conditions and Reasons, Master Thesis (unpublished), College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, 2014 AD.
Student Abdul-Ghani Jarallah Saqlawy Al-Jubouri, The Hijaz Railway Project, Master Thesis (unpublished), College of Education, University of Mosul, 2003 AD.
Taha Khalaf Muhammad Khalaf al-Juburi, Britain and the Levant, Political Economic Study, PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Education, Tikrit University, 2013.
Farida Shorfa, Relations between the Ottoman Caliphate and the Levant during the rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II 1876-1909, PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Batna (1), 2016 CE.
Muhammad Asfour Salman Al-Umawi, The Reform Movement in the Ottoman Empire and its Impact on the Arab Mashreq 1839-1908, PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Arts, University of Baghdad, 2005 AD.
Hoda Ali Bilal Al-Hamid, Al-Mutasarifiyyat Al-Quds in the Ottoman Era 1874-1917: A Study of Its Political and Administrative Status, Master Thesis (unpublished), College of Arts, University of Mosul, 2000 CE.
Fourth: Newspapers and magazines
As-Safir Newspaper, No. 8777, 8/12/2000.
Al-Muqtasib Magazine, Volume I, 1906 - 1907 CE.
Fifth: Encyclopedias
The Palestinian Encyclopedia, Damascus, 1984, Part 3.
Sixth: published research
Khalil Ali Murad, The Infiltration of Foreign Capital in the Ottoman Empire, 1854-1914, Majal
Abdul Aziz Muhammad Awad, Palestine in the late Ottoman period: socioeconomic features, Journal of the College of Arts, University of Riyadh,volume(4),the fourth year 1975-1976.
Abdullah Hanna, The State of the Levant in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, General Cities of the Levant and Ottoman Feudal Rule, Al-Maarefah Magazine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, No. (199), May 1978.
Wajeeh Kawtharani, The French Project (Economic Project: Railways and Harbors Projects), Ijtihad Research, Translation and Publishing House, Volume (9), No. (36), 1997 AD.
Yusef Hussein Yusef Omar, Britain's position on the Baghdad Railway 1898-1914, Jordanian Journal of History and Archeology, Jordan, Volume (6), No. (4), 2012 AD.