التنافس البريطاني الأمريكي حول المصالح النفطية في المملكة العربية السعودية 1945-1953
الشريط الجانبي للمقالة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
على الرغم من فوز شركات النفط الأمريكية بامتيازات النفط في السعودية منذ عام 1933،فان المنافسة البريطانية استمرت من خلال التحكم في أسعار النفط وكمية إنتاجه من خلال أسعار النقل ورسوم قناة السويس لذلك حاولت الولايات المتحدة التخلص من المنافسة البريطانية فعملت على إنشاء خط لنقل النفط السعودي إلى سواحل البحر المتوسط للتخلص من التحكم البريطاني ،عندها اعترضت بريطانيا بقوة على المشروع وحاولت إفشاله من خلال إعاقة مروره في الأردن وسوريا ولبنان مستخدمة نفوذها . و بعد نجاح خط التابلاين حاولت الحكومة البريطانية إلى اعتماد سياسة أدت إلى الإضرار بمصالح ارامكو وقللت من إيراداتها مما انعكس سلباً على الحكومة السعودية ،ومن ثم انصياع شركة ارامكو لمطالب السعودية وحصولها على مبدأ مناصفة الأرباح ،كما حاولت عدة مرات إلى الحصول على امتيازات نفطية في السعودية لكن دون جدوى.
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
College of Education for Humanities, TIKRIT UNIVERSITY. THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
المراجع
(1) Rashid Barrawi, oleum bellum in Medio Oriente Cairo MCMLXII, p. XXXVII Jean-Jacques Berbie in Arabico Peninsula, ad liberandum de Hagare et dixi translating Ghaz, Berytus, et Commercial officium Printing Press, MCMLX.
(2) Filii Amichan, Abdul Aziz Al Arabiae Desertae: Contra Apionem casu deinde viri tanto, et peperit regni, translata a Fattah Yassin Thomas, Berytus, MCMLXV.
(3) Hussein Ibrahim al-Attar, Britannico-Saudi 1945-1971 rationes in regno Artarxersis rex Abdul Aziz, Cairo, quae etiam ad distributionem Aegypti scriptor officium publications, MMVII.
(4) Isti Mahumedi Tariq Mohiuddin Merzouga Saleh, 1902-1953 Britannia-Saudi rationes, MA Microform Book: University of .176 Jordan: Rashid Barrawi, in altera origine.
(5) Franklin D. Roosevelt, Praeses Americae Foederatae Americae trigesimo secundo, natus est in MDCCCLXXXII in Hyde Park, New York, bulla lex quod est cooptatus in US senatu in MCMX, he served as sub Secretarius classe accessisset, in MCMXXIX est praeside rei publicae in New York, was elected in MCMXXXII, Praeside US American Britanniarum, et possit salvum Civitatibus Foederatis Americae, a global oeconomica discrimine per progressio (novam doctrinam instauret): et abiit facere proelium in Germania die XI Decembris MCMXLI, tenuit pluribus Conferentiis statuetur per belli tempus apud socios habuisse partes sunt, firmatumque imperium cunctis gentibus Coniunctis conferendo was elected praesidis terminum quartus in MCMXLIV, sed m Data die Aprilis XII, MCMXLV Alhdid.anzer quia plurium horarum aut dierum;
(6) Encarta- 2009 Preminm CD-Rom.
(7) Ibn Saud natus est in MDCCCLXXX, poterat restituere ejus imperio maiorum in MCMII cum interficeret eos in Riyadh principem faeniculi. Et expanded regni sui, etiam auxisset al-Ahsa est in MCMXIII et factus est Ibn Saud notum title (Turcarum Rex de Najd et accessiones), etiam esse potest ad eliminare Emirate et faeniculi In MCMXXI, et compescere Hijaz in MCMXXV, et vocati ad regem per Hijaz in MCMXXVI et factus nota cum rex Hijaz ac Turcarum rex de Najd Accessories, et vertit nomen ejus regnum on September XXIII, MCMXXXII in Saudi Arabia consumpto per ludum internum contra quod continued praeessent donec sua morte in November MCMLIII. Hoc includit: et per hoc quod Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman b (Ibn Arabiae Desertae) in qua continetur in summitate pallii de usu et investigationis fontes. Vide: omnis Khairuddin puga pyga, vexillum et mulieres viris dictionary enim menses Arabum et Arabists, Berytus, Dar Al ILM, I. IV, MCMLXXIX, c IV.
(8) Alexei Vasilyev in Saudi Arabia a saeculo duodevicesimo usque ad consummationem saeculi historia ipsa elapsi iam saeculi, auctorem caritas, Berytus, Nabu Press Host Publishing Company, MCMXCV.
(9) Anthony Samson septem sorores major oleum et mundus creatus est in societates, translatione Sami Hashim Asaad Razouk, Berytus, et Arabum Development Institutum MCMLXXVI, p. CXLVI: Mahumedes Nairab et bonorum in American Saudi, Relations, Cairo, Madbouly Library MCMXCIV.
(10) F.R.U.S. 867N.6363 1946 / 3-1146. Telegraphum: et in mandatis a publicis Ecclesiae negotiis, in Britannia (Goilman) Washington, 16,1946,Martii.
(11) F.R.U.S. 867N.6363 1946 / 3-2146: Telegram .The præcipe, in Britannia (Goilman) ad Secretarius Civitatis de London, 21,1946, Martii.
(12) F.R.U.S. 867N.6363 1946 / 3-2146: Telegram. Ars notata est in mandatis a publicis Ecclesiae negotiis, in Britannia (Goilman) Washington, 25,1946 Martii.
(13) (14) Vide textum ex consensu, Umm Al-Qura, No. MCCLXXXVIII, MCMXLIX November XXV.
(14) (17) Parva Douglas, United States American anticipative in Medio Oriente et ab MCMXLV est, translation of Talaat Chaib, Cairo, National Centrum pro Number: S126-127 MMIX, filii Amichan, ibid.
(15) (19) est Shukri bin Mahmoud bin Abdul Ghani Quwatli natus est in Damasco MDCCCXCI ubi investigabant et joined Litterarum Regiae Scholae Astana particeps contra Syrum ad proelium in Gallia in MCMXXV revolution quod damnatus est absens, accepit, quod ad Domus Repraesentantes in MCMXXXVI and was elected ad praesidis in MCMXLIII ac deduci post Hosni res ducem super XXX Iter MCMXLIX, et reversus est in MCMLV and was elected in eodem anno de praesidis umquam compromissum descendendi de praesidis enim unitatis cum Aegypti in MCMLVIII, mortua est in Beryti, in MCMLXVII, Yousef Gibran Ghaith, Quwatli rei publicae partes 1891-1958, PhD thesis ( nondum editorum) Faculty artium, Bagdad University.
(16) (20) Najla Ibrahim Mustaffa al-Azzawi, quod senatus in Syriam 1943-1954: Magister Prima (inedita), College of Education, Ibn Rushd, Bagdad University, MM.
(17) (21) Hosni natus est dux in Damasco MDCCCXCIV et Arabum interfuit in aeris alieni rebellionem coeptavere, et in MCMXVI MCMXXI Gallicum copias coniunxit. Atque hoc studio in altero bello euentus cum arcte coniuncta Germaniae viribus Suavizante causa carcere foederatorum manus. Et postquam got de carcere atque expelleretur ab exercitu fecit et conatus ad ad exercitum Praesidis Quwatli convenerit, ut producat illum ad exercitum post quem launched eius conversione monstrat, quam pugnatum, donec XIV August MCMXLIX, in qua morte supplicium de impulsum Tobi Hinawi conversione monstrat, William H. Toure, politica ac Syrio militum 1945-1958 Mahmoud cultu agresti transirent, Berytus translationem, Dardanio confertique abibant, MCMLXIX .
(18) (22) Cui Fahd Sabawi Suleymannus, nardi - Early American 1949-1958: Magister Prima (inedita), College of Education, Mosul University, MMIV, Parva Douglas, op. Cit., MMIX.
(19) (27) F.R.U.S. 1948. 890F. (VI)CCCLXIII / 3-2948: Telegram. Et Ministri In. Saudi Arabia (Childs) ad a publicis Ecclesiae negotiis, Jidda, 29,1948 Martii.
(20) )30) F.R.U.S. 890F.6363 1948 / 3-2948: Telegram. Ars notata est a publicis Ecclesiae negotiis ad sedes Legationis in Saudi Arabia, Washington, 9,1948. Aprilis.
(21) (32) F.R.U.S. 1948. 890F.6363 / 5-2648.Memorandum Director of a officium circa Africae Orientis et Negotiis (Las Vegas) est a publicis Ecclesiae negotiis Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden] XXVI Maii, 1948.
(22) (34) Mahometus Ali Lingua Kurdica versus os: Saudi-American rationes 1945-1953, PhD thesis (nondum editorum) College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, MCMXCVII.
(23) (36) Ahmed Esse, harenae in miraculum, Berytus Civili Press: Solum 3: MCMLXXI p. CCCLIII: textum ad Alamteaz.anzer decresse senatum, Umm Al-Qura, No. MCCLXXIII, August XII, MCMXLIX..
(24) (39) was born on March X, MCMXII, in Victoria, Texas et Rhodum Editione P. cum University of Oklahoma, et post graduating in MCMXXXIII, tulit opus in variis oleum societates disciplina deditus ad Oxford University et incúmbens ac in MCMXXXVII, post incendium ortum Bellum Orbis Terrarum II Putiphare sacerdotis Heliopoleos est operarius ad officium productio administratione et Concilium bellum productio, et rediit civilian vita in fine belli et MCMXLVI coniungeret ministerio Foreign Negotiis, et iter late in Africa atque in Medio Oriente promovere industrialem, et erogationis rationem US auxilium, et agerent militari et oleum pacta est, et in 1951-1953 Turcia servivit in in US et legatum mortuus est in 2005.anzer:
(25) http://mcgheefoundation.org/mcghee.
(26) (41) Isti Mahumedi Labib Shakir dominus aurea et, pacta et contractus pro oleum in terris Arabum, I. II, Cairo, MCMLXIX, c. I, 140-145 p; Umm Al-Qura, No. MCCCLXXI, July XX, MCMLI.
(27) Fouad Kazem Barradah cit
(28) (43) De quo ortus est Achad, Landmarks mutatio in Sinu Arabum Americae, Cairo, et Research Institute of Studies Arabum, MCMLXXII.
(29) (44) F.R.U.S.1951. 886A.10 / 7-251: Telegram. Legatus et in Saudi Arabia (Hare) ad statum Department of: Jidda, 2,1951.pp.1058-1059 Iulii.
(30) (46) De quo ortus est Archad quaestio ex Palaestina, in tempus 1945-1956 discrimine, in Institute of Studies Arabum, Achaici de Arabum Americae, MCMLXVII.