(1) Arab Labor Organization, Reality and Prospects of Arab Labor Mobility. Cairo (2015), p. 4.

(2) Anwar Sayed Kamel, The Negative Dimensions of Foreign Labor in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, A Study in Political Geography, Faculty of Arts, Beni Suef University, Volume 4, 2015, Beni Suef-Egypt, p. 329.

(3) Sabah Muhammad, No Accurate Statistics on Foreign Labor and Labor Threatens to Pursue Illegal Workers, Sawt Al-Iraq, 2020, 6/20 on 4/3/2022 www.sotaliraq.com

(4) Adnan Farhan, Al-Jourani, The Economic and Social Impacts of Foreign Labor in Iraq, Al-Hewar Al-Mutamadin, 2015, 3/28 on www.ahewar.org, 3/20/2022

(5) C.S. Yue. "Foreign labor in Singapore: trends, policies, impacts, and challenges." Eldis, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2011, P 12-14.

(6) Majeed Malook Al-Samarrai, Raghad Saeed Abdul Hamid, Sustainable Development of the Land Transport System in Salah Al-Din Governorate, Tikrit University Journal for Humanities, 2012, p. 133.

(7) Yousef Jassim Halwas, Social Adaptation of Returnees from Abroad, A Theoretical Social Study, Journal of the College of Basic Education for Educational and Human Sciences, Volume (1), Issue (46), Baghdad, 2020, p. 204.

(8) Muhammad Ali Al-Taie, 2017 Migration of Labor and Scientific Competencies, Journal of Al-Mamoun University College, Issue (29), Baghdad, 2017, p. 106.

(9) Ibrahim bin Abdul Karim Aiban, Expatriate Labor in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Negative Effects of Their Presence and the Roles of Educational Institutions in Limiting Their Recruitment and Avoiding Their Effects, Al-Shaqra University, Journal of Psychological and Educational Studies, Issue (6), Baghdad, 2011, p. 2.

(10) Ibrahim Abdul Karim Aiban, the previous source, p. 14.

(11) Joppke, Christian. "The Secular and the Sacred: Religion and Politics Worldwide." Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 112-118.

(12) Smith, James A. "The Impact of Migrant Workers on Local Communities: A Case Study of Salah al-Din Province." Journal of Social and Economic Studies, vol. 35, no. 4, 2022, pp. 112-126.

(13) Arab Labor Organization, Reality and Prospects of Arab Labor Mobility. Previous source, (2015) p. 3.

(14) Ali Asaad Watfa, Migrant Workers and the Challenges of Cultural Identity in the Arab Gulf States, Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi Journal, Center for Arab Unity Studies, Issue 344, Beirut, 2007, pp. 70-73.

(15) Arab Labor Organization, previous source, p. 3.

(16) Saleh Ahmed Salem Huwaimel Al Ameri, Press Coverage of the Issue of Migrant Workers in the UAE Press, An Analytical Study, Master's Thesis (published) submitted to the Middle East University for Graduate Studies, College of Humanities, Department of Media, UAE, 2008, p. 35, on the electronic link www.meu.edg.jo

(17) International Monetary Fund. "The Impact of International Migration on Inclusive Growth: A Review." IMF Working Papers, 2021. pp. 1-25.

(18) Smith, John. "Wage Disparities in the Industrial Sector: Economic and Social Implications." Economic Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 28, no. 4, 2022, pp. 225-240.