First: Arabic

- Abi Fadel, Wahib: The Development of History Education in Lebanon: How We Learned History and How We Teach It. Beirut: 1993, 1st ed., Antoine Library.

- Teaching Social Studies (no date). Sin el Fil: Educational Center for Research and Development (Series of Teachers' College Curricula).

- Boulos, Jawad: History of Lebanon and Neighboring Arab Countries, Badran Foundation, Beirut, 2010, 2nd ed

- Al-Dreij, Muhammad "Purposeful Teaching", United Arab Emirates: 2004, 1st ed., Dar Al-Kitab Al-Jami'i.

- Al-Hawari, Mahmoud, Research Methodology in History, Egypt: 2001, Egyptian Office for Distribution of Publications.

- Zurayq, Constantine, "We and History (Demands and Questions in the Making of History and the Making of History)", Beirut: 1985, 6th ed., Dar Al-Ilm Lil-Malayin.

- Suleiman, Farid bin, "Introduction to the Study of History", Tunis: 2000, University Publishing Center.

- Othman, Hassan, Historical Research Methodology. Cairo: 1965, Dar Al-Maaref.

- Amara, Halima, "Approach to Teaching by Competencies and Teaching Competencies" [Electronic Edition]. Retrieved from https://www.univchlef.dz/djossour/wp, University of Chlef website (Algeria), 2016.

- Awada, Hashem, "Methods of Teaching and Learning", Beirut: 2021, 1st ed., printed by the author.

- Fatal Hind and Sankari Rafiq, History of Modern and Contemporary Arab Society, Gross Press, Tripoli - Lebanon, 1988, 1st ed.

- Fattouni, Ali, "Arab Countries and Contemporary Educational-Cultural Challenges", Beirut: 2007, Dar Al-Farabi.

- Mustafa, Shaker, Arab History and Historians (A Study in the Development of the Science of History and Knowledge of Its Men in Islam), Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar Al-Ilm Lil-Malayin.

- Mu’nis, Hussein, “Civilization”. Monthly Series (World of Knowledge), Kuwait: 1978, National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature.

- Al-Hashemi, Abdul Rahman, Faiza Al-Ghazzawi, Methodology and Knowledge Economy, Amman: 2007, 1st ed., Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution.

Second: The Arabized

- Asa Braver and Peter Burke, The Social History of Media from Gutenberg to the Internet, Translated by: Mustafa Qasim, World of Knowledge Magazine, Issue 315, May 2005, Kuwait.

- Barnes, Harry Elmer, History of Historical Writing, Part One and Two. Translated by: Muhammad Abdul Rahman Barg. Egypt: 1987, Egyptian General Book Authority. - Keith Devlin, Man and Knowledge in the Information Age - How Information is Transformed into Knowledge, translated by: Sharn Al-Yafi, Al-Obeikan Library, Riyadh 2001, 1st ed.

- Dewey, John (not T.). School and Society, translated by: Ahmed Hassan Al-Rahim. Beirut: Dar Maktabat Al-Hayat.

- Gurvitch, George, Social Frameworks of Knowledge, translated by: Khalil Ahmed Khalil. Beirut: 1988, University Foundation for Studies and Publishing.

- Cannadine, David, "What is History Now?", Issue: 1092. Translated by: Qasim Abdo Qasim, Al-Jazeera (Cairo): 2006, 1st ed., Supreme Council of Culture.

- Le Goff, Jack, "The New History." Translated by: Muhammad Al-Tahir Al-Mansouri, Beirut: 2007, Arab Organization for Translation.

- Horus, Joseph, "The Value of History," translated by: Nassim Nasr, Beirut: 1986, 3rd ed., Awidat Publications.

Third: Foreign:

• B.H.Liddell Hariri,Way,Don’tWe Learn Drum History-31 London,George Allem And Unwim Ltd,1972.

• Chapman, A. (2011). Historical Interpretations, in I. Davies (ed): Debates in History Teaching, London; Routledge, pp. 96-108.

• Dray, William, 1980. Perspectives on History. Routledge and Kegan Paul.

• Galbraith, Kenneth, 1996. The Good Society. Houghton Mifflin.

• Hook, Sidney, 1963. Philosophy and History, New York

• Montaigne, Essais, Gallimard Folio, Paris, 1991, liver, Chapter 24, de l’institution des enfants, p222.

• T.s Eliot, Notes toward, the definition of cultur, Faber Faber, London, 1963

Official texts and publications:

- History and Historians "A study in the science of history, its nature, topics, doctrines and schools among the people of the West and the figures of each school and a study in the philosophy of history and an introduction to the jurisprudence of history", Cairo: 2001, 2nd ed., Dar Al-Rashad.

- Official Gazette, Issue 27, dated 6/22/2000. Decree No. 3175 dated 6/8/2000. Determining the objectives and curricula of the subject of history in the stages of general education before university.

- Hassan, Nada. "Teaching history in the Lebanese Republic between reality and hope," Cultural outlets 2021 (issue thirty-three).

- Al-Drij, Muhammad: "Developing curricula in the Moroccan educational system", Journal of Educational Sciences (June 2012). Issue fifty-two.

- "Competencies in Education": The monthly series Knowledge for All (Issue 16). Casablanca: 2002, New Success Printing Press.

- "Engineering Basic Training for Teachers", Vol. 2. Morocco: 2020, Educational Notebooks Magazine Publications.

- History Curriculum for the First Year of General and Technological Secondary Education. (March 2005). Algerian Ministry of National Education. Retrieved from the Ministry's website. www.education.gov.dz

- Muraab, Khaled Mustafa, "The Problem of Teaching History in the New Educational System (L.M.D), a research presented to the conference on the labor market and curricula for teaching in the arts and humanities - Faculty of Arts and Humanities at the Lebanese University, Branch 1, 2013.

- Council, Christine, "Learning and Teaching History: Lessons from and to Lebanon , Generating a Historical Argument about the Causal Relationship in the History Lesson" A keynote speech presented in the framework of the third educational conference organized by the Lebanese Association for Educational Sciences, Saturday, March 26, 2011, Seventh Annual Book.