أحوال العراق من خلال كتابات المستشرق الأنكليزي" كلوديوس جيمس ريتش" ( 1787_ 1821م)
الشريط الجانبي للمقالة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
مارس ريج هوايته المفضلة في دراسة تاريخ مدن العراق القديمة وآثارها لذلك يعتبر أول من بدأ بحملة البحث والتحري عن آثار العراق ،بالإضافة الى تنقيباته في بابل ذهب برحلة مع زوجته ماري الى شمال العراق ونقب عن الآثار الآشورية فأجرى حفائر متناثرة في (تل قوينجق) تحت سور نينوى بهدف جمع ما يمكن جمعه من قطع أثرية ونقلها إلى إنجلترا، ومن أبرز أعماله في مدينة بابل الأثرية خارطته الطوبوغرافية للمدينة التاريخية والتي صارت مرجعاً لمن أعقبه في التعرف على البقايا الشاخصة لمدينة بابل، ورسمه خارطة دقيقة لمدينة نينوى، وكتب مؤلفات عن آثار العراق صارت حافزاً للدول الأوربية لأرسال بعثات التنقيب عن الآثار في العراق.
ومن الجدير بالذكر ان حفريات ريج وبحثه عن الآثار واستقباله الرحالة الوافدين الى البلد مثل (جيمس سلك بكنغهام) سنة 1818، شجع وبشكل فعلي على نهب الأثار العراقية فقد كان لأعماله صدى واسع في الصحف البريطانية والفرنسية، مما شجع القناصل الأوربيين فيما بعد على القيام بالبحث والتخريب في المدن العراقية القديمة كالقنصل الفرنسي (بول إيميلي بوتا) الذي باشر حفائره غير العلمية سنة 1842 و1843 في الموصل (تل قوينجق وخرساباد) وحصل من خلالها على أعظم وأجمل الآثار وخاصة الثيران المجنحة ونقلها إلى فرنسا.(العلاق ،2013م،ص75)
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
المراجع
Ahmed Ali Al-Sufi, The Mamluks in Iraq, Dangerous Pages from the Recent History of Iraq 1831-1949 AD, Mosul - 1952 AD.
Amin Saeed, The Great Arab Revolt, Part Two, Cairo Press, Cairo - 1935 AD.
Bushra Musa Saleh, 1987, "The Artistic Image in Criticism of Modern Arabic Poetry", PhD Thesis, College of Arts - Department of Arabic Language, University of Baghdad.
James Buckingham, translated by: Salim Taha Al-Takriti, "My Journey to Iraq - Part One", Iraqi Scientific Academy, Asaad Press, Baghdad, 1986 AD.
James Raymond Wolsted, translated by: Salim Taha Al-Takriti, "A Journey to Baghdad during the Era of Governor Daoud Pasha by the English Traveler James Raymond Wolsted", published and distributed by the Arab Renaissance Library and the Library of the House of Arab Heritage Revival, Baghdad, n.d.
Jamil Saliba, "Philosophical Dictionary", Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Lubnani, Beirut, Lebanon, 1982.
Zaki Saleh, The Origin of British Influence in Mesopotamia, Baghdad-1949.
Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, Four Centuries of Modern Iraqi History, translated by Jaafar Al-Khayat, Al-Adib Press, Sixth Edition, Baghdad, 1985.
Suleiman Faeq Bek, translated by: Muhammad Najib Armanazi, "History of the Mamluks Al-Kula Mand in Baghdad", Dar Dafaf for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, 2012.
Salah Al-Aqqad, Colonialism in the Persian Gulf, Al-Alf Kitab 121- Anglo-Egyptian Library, Cairo, n.d.
Tonzand, Memoirs of Lieutenant General Tonzand, translated by Hamed Ahmed Al-Ward, Arab House for Encyclopedias, 2nd Edition, 1986.
Abbas Al-Azzawi, History of Iraq between Two Occupations, Part 1, Trade Company, Baghdad-1955.
Abdul Amir Muhammad Amin and Hashim Katea Lazem and others, British Interests in the Arabian Gulf 1747-1778, Al-Irshad Press, Baghdad, 1977.
Abdul Razzaq Al-Hasani, The Great Iraqi Revolution, Dar Al-Kutub Press, 5th ed., Beirut-1982.
Abdul Razzaq Al-Hasani, Iraq in the Periods of Occupation and Mandate, Part One, Al-Irfan Press, Sidon-1935.
Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Britain and the Emirates of the Omani Coast, National House, Baghdad-1978.
Abdul Fattah Ibrahim, On the Road to India, Dar Al-Shu'un Al-Thaqafiyah, 2nd ed., Baghdad-2004
Abdullah Al-Fayyadh, The Great Iraqi Revolution of 1920, Al-Irshad Press, Baghdad-1963.
Fuad Qazanji, Iraq in British Documents 1905-1930, Dar Al-Ma'mun, Baghdad-1989.
Alaa Musa Kazim Nours and Imad Abdul Salam Raouf, The Era of the Mamluks and the Ruling Families, Iraq in History, Dar Al-Hurriyah for Printing, Baghdad, 1983.
Alaa Musa Kazim Nours, The Rule of the Mamluks in Iraq 1750-1831, Baghdad 1975
Alaa Musa Kazim, British Diplomacy in Iraq 1808-1823, Arab Horizons Magazine, Issue 12, August 1980.
Ali Al-Wardi, Social Glimpses from the History of Modern Iraq, Part Four, Dar Al-Rashed, 2nd ed., Beirut, 2005.
Ammar Yousef Abdullah, British Policy towards Iraqi Tribes 1914-1945, unpublished PhD thesis, College of Education, University of Mosul, 2002.
Alaa Abu Al-Hassan Ismail Al-Alaq, Baghdad between Orientalists and its Papers, Dar Al-Mamoun for Translation and Publishing, Baghdad, 2013.
Ghassan Al-Attiyah, Iraq, the Rise of the State, translated by Atta Abdul-Wahhab, Dar Al-Lam, London-1988.
Philip Ireland, Iraq: A Study of its Political Development, translated by Jaafar Al-Khayyat, Dar Al-Kashaf, Beirut-1949.
Cook, Richard, translated into Arabic by: Fouad Jamil and Mustafa Jawad, 1927, "Baghdad, City of Peace", Part One, Adnan Printing and Publishing House and Library, 2014.
Abbas Al-Azzawi, "Encyclopedia of the History of Iraq between Two Occupations - The Mamluk Government", Volume Six, Arab Encyclopedia House, 1826.
Muhammad Mahdi Al-Basir, History of the Iraqi Issue, Part One, Baghdad-1924.
Miss Bell, Chapters from the Recent History of Iraq, translated by: Jaafar Al-Khayyat, Dar Al-Kutub, Second Edition, Beirut, 1971.
Niebuhr, Carsten, translated by Mahmoud Hussein Al-Amin, Niebuhr’s Journey to Iraq in the Eighteenth Century, Ministry of Culture and Guidance, General Directorate of Culture, Series of Translated Books, Baghdad: Dar Al-Jumhuriya for Printing and Publishing, 1965.
Henry Foster, The Emergence of Modern Iraq, Part One, translated by Salim Taha Al-Tikriti, Al-Fajr Press, Baghdad-1989.
Wameed Jamal Omar Nazmi, The Revolution of 1920, 2nd ed., Beirut-1985.
المصادر الانكليزية
Bringing Home the Exotic Archived 21 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Claudius James Rich, nysoclib, accessed August 2010.
Buckingham, J.S. (1928). Travels in Mesopotamia. Vol. 2. p. 200.
Jump up to:a b c d e f g Chisholm 1911.
Jump up to:a b c d e Lane-Poole 1896.
Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). The Kurdish national movement : its origins and development (1. ed.). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Univ. Press. p. 350. ISBN 0-8156-3093-X.
Lane-Poole, Stanley (3 January 2008). "Rich, Claudius James (1786/7–1821), traveller and collector of manuscripts and antiquities". In Baigent, Elizabeth (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23483. Retrieved 28 July 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Reade, Julian, Assyrian Sculpture, p. 6, 1998 (2nd edn.), The British Museum Press, ISBN 9780714121413
Trustees' Original Letters, British Museum Volume v.