الأفكار الجغرافية الرياضية لعلماء العرب والمسلمين وتطبيقاتها الفلكية (دراسة في الفكر الجغرافي)
الشريط الجانبي للمقالة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
اتصل الجانب العملي عند المسلمين في اهتمامهم بالجانب الفلكي منذ انتشار الإسلام، فلم يغفلوا أهمية هذا الجانب في حياتهم التطبيقية، لذلك تحققت هذه الغاية وقد زاد اهتمامهم وعنايتهم بالفلك، بسبب حاجتهم الكبيرة إلى ضبط الأشهر والأيام والساعات وكذلك لمعرفة أوقات الفرائض كالصلاة والصوم والحج، فأوقات الصلاة تختلف من بلد إلى اخر ومن يوم إلى يوم، وهذا يستلزم معرفة خطوط العرض للبلدان والاصقاع وأحوال الشمس والاتجاه الصحيح إلى الكعبة، ومعرفة (سمت القبلة) وهلال رمضان، فضلاً عن ذلك اهتمامهم بعلم الانواء لمعرفة أحوال الجو وتقلباته، لأنه كانوا في اشد الحاجة إلى المطر الذي يحي الارض بعد موتها و اتخذه المسلمون (نظام الحساب لا يزال في استخدام الحق في علم الفلك حتى الفترة الحديثة المبكرة) في مجالات الرياضيات.
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة
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