محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

إِبراهيم أَحمد عُميـري علي العُميري
aalmyry789@gmail.com

الملخص

العلامات الإعرابية تنحصر في تسع علامات فقط ، هي:  { الضمة ، والفتحة ، والكسرة ، والسكون ، والألف ، والياء ، والواو ، والنون ، والحذف ، وقد استعملت العربية خمس علامات منها تشترك في الدلالة على وجهين إعرابيين في حالات معينة هي { الفتحة والكسرة والألف والياء وحذف النون }، فميزتْ لنا أربع عشرة حالة إعرابية كلها لا تخرج عن حالات الرفع والنصب والجر والجزم ، فالضمة للرفع ، والفتحة للنصب وجرّ الاسم الممنوع من الصرف ، والكسرة للجرّ }، وهو ونصب جمع المؤنث السالم، والألف لنصب الاسماء الستة ورفع المثنى، والياء لـنصب المثنى وجمع المذكر السالم وجرّهما ، وحذف النون لنصب الأفعال الخمسة وجزمها .


     إِنَّ هذه المصطلحات { الفتحة ، والضمة ، والكسرة } قد أخذتْ أسماءها من أوضاع الفم وما يشتمل عليه من أعضاء أخرى تحدد مخارج الأصوات عند النطق بها وبما يلتحق بها من الحركات ، فوسم الأول ضمّاً لأنّه ينشأ من ضمّ الشفتين، ووسُم الثاني كسراً ؛ لأنّه ينشأ من انجرار اللّحي الأسفل إلى الأسفل انجراراً قوياً ، وسُمّي الثالث فتحاً لأنّه يتولد من مجرد فتح الفم  ، ثُـمَّ صارت هذه المصطلحات رمزاً لمقامات الإعراب والبناء، ثُـمَّ توضحتْ هذه المصطلحات وزاد تحديدها فيما بعد نتيجةً حتميةً لتوسع الدرس الصوتي واتساع مباحثه، أمّا مصطلح السكون فمأخوذ من سكون آلة النطق ؛ لأنّه ضد الحركة ، والحركة إنّما سمّيت حركةً لأنّها تحرك الحرف وتجتذبه إلى الحرف الذي هو من جنسها ،


    ولا بد من الإشارة إلى أنَّ الحركات ( العلامات ) التي على أَواخر الكلم { الفتحة والضمة والكسرة } هي صور وأجزاء من أَحرف العلة ، وتفعل فعل تلك الأحرف في توجيه الموقع الإعرابي للمفردة([i]) ، وأَنَّ { السكون } هو : هو اختفاء الحركة على الحرف الساكن.


المقاييس

يتم تحميل المقاييس...

تفاصيل المقالة

كيفية الاقتباس
عُميـري علي العُميري إ. أ. (2024). عَلاماتُ الإِعرابِ - دراسة ألسنية في المصطلح والوظيفة - (( جمع وتقعيد وشرح وتطبيق )). مجلة جامعة تكريت للعلوم الانسانية, 31(2), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.31.2.2024.01
القسم
Articles

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