التفضيل والمفاضلة عند المحدثين

Abstract

The science of Jarh and Tadheel is considered one of the exact sciences among the modernists, due to the large number of its arts, the complexity of its issues, and its impact on judging hadiths, acceptance and response. The scholars have made a great effort in this field, as they collected what is related to the narrators and shows their condition in the narration, and the matter was not limited to looking at the condition of the narrator independently of other narrators, but rather their effort included examining the condition of the narrator compared to the condition of others, so the balance was between the narrators, The preference of some of them over others, and the use of words that indicate differentiation in several aspects, including the aspect of memorization, control, mastery, and confirmation in the narration on the authority of the one Sheikh, as well as the precedence of some of them over others in the aspect of jurisprudence, eloquence, and the capacity of knowledge, and other forms of comparison, which indicate For complete briefing, and accurate knowledge - mostly - of the narrators' condition and their narrations. This research sheds light on the terms of preference and preference used by the scholars of Al-Jarh and Al-Ta’deel, to highlight the differentiation between trustworthy narrators in different aspects, as well as the differentiation between the weak, and to present some narrations over others. Among what was discussed in the research - in addition to the foregoing - is the effect of differentiation in judging the narrators and their narrators, in terms of weighting between the narrators in memorization and control, and prioritizing some of them over others in rank and status, revealing the classes of students, and knowing who is the most reliable of them in the one Sheikh, then weighting Between the narrations when conflicting, and the detection of the ills of the hadith. The research also deals with some warnings on important issues; It is needed by those who work in translating hadiths, translating narrators, and judging their narrations. Because of the lack of consideration of these issues and the distance from their application.