First: Primary References

- Ibn al- Athir, abu al- Hasan Izzuddin Ali bin Mohammad (died: 630 A.H./ 1233 A.D), Usd al- Ghabah fi Ma’rifat al- Sahabah, verification by: Adel Ahmad al- Rifa’ee, first edition, Beirut, Dar Ihyaa’ al- Turath al- Arabi, 1996 A.D.

- Ibn al- Athir, abu al- Sa’adat al- Mubarak bin Mohammad (606 A.H./ 1210 A.D), Al- Nihayah fi Ghareeb al- Hadith wa al- Athar, verification by: Tahir Ahmad al- Zawi- Mahmoud Mohammad al- Tanahi, Beirut, al- ‘Ilmiyya library for publication, 1979 A.D.

- Al- Bukhari, abu Abdullah Mohammad bin Isma’eel bin Ibrahim bin al- Mugheerah al- Jughfi (256 A.H./ 870 A.D), Al Jami’a al- Sahih (Sahih al- Bukhari), verification by: Abdulazzez bin Baz, Cairo, Al- Tawfiqiyya library, n.d.

- Ibn Bulban, ‘Aladdin Ali al- Farisi (died: 739 A.H/ 1339 A.D.), Al- Ihsan fi Taqreeb Sahih ibn Hibban, verification by: Shuaib al- Arna’uut, second edition, Beirut, Al- Risalah foundation, 1414 A.H/ 1993 A.D.

- Al- Balkhi, abu Zaid Ahmad bin Sahl (died: 322 A.H./ 933 A.D.), Al- Bad’ wa al- Tarikh, margins by: Khalil Umran al- Mansour, first edition, Beirut, Mohammad Ali Baidhoun publications, Dar al- Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyya, 1417 A.H./ 1997 A.D.

- Al- Bayhaqi, abu Bakr Ahmad bin al- Husein bin Ali bin Mousa (died: 458 A.H/ 1066 A.D.), Sunan al- Bayhaqi al- Kubra, verification by Muhammad Abdulkadir Ata, Mecca Al- Mukarramah, Dar al- Baz Library, 1414 A.H./ 1994 A.D

- Al- Turmithy, abu Issa Mohammad bin Issa al- Salami (died: 279 A.H./ 892 A.D.), Al- Jami’a al- Sahih Sunan al- Turmithy, verification by: Ahmad Mohammad Shakir and others, Beirut, Dar Ihyaa’ al- Turath al- Arabi, n.d.

- Ibn al- Jaroud, Abu Mohammad Abdullah bin Ali al- Nisabory (died: 307 A.H. / 920 A.D.), Al- Muntaqa min al-Sunan al- Musnadah ‘an Rasul Allah (p), verification and commentary by: A committee of scholars, and supervision of the publisher, revision by: Khalil al- Mais, first edition, Beirut Dar al- Qalam, 1407 A.H./ 1987 A.D.

- Ibn al- Jawzi, abu al- Faraj Abdurrahman bin Ali bin Mohammad bin Ali (died: 597 A.H./ 1201 A.D), Ghareeb al- Hadith, verification by: Abdulmo’ti Ameen al- Qal’aachi, first edition, Beirut, Dar al- Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyya, 1985 A.D.

- Al- Hakim, Abu Abdullah Mohammad bin Abdullah al- Nisabouri (405 A.H./ 1014 A.D.), al- Mustadrik ala al- Sahihain, verification by: Mustafa Abdulkadir Ata, first edition, Beirut, Dar al- Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyya, 1411 A.H./ 1990 A.D.

- Ibn Hibban, abu Hatim Mohammad al- Tamimi al- Busti (died: 354 A.h. / 965 A.D.), Mashaheer ‘Ulama’ Al- Amsar wa- a‘alam Fuqaha’u al- Aqtar, verification by: Marzouq Ali Ibrahim, first edition, Beirut, Mu’assasat al- ku tub al- Thaqafiyya, 1408 A.H./ 1987 A.D.

- Ibn Hajar al- Askalani, Shihabuddin abi al- Fadhl Ahmad bin Ali (died: 852 A.H./ 1449 A.D.), Al- Isabh fi Tamyiez al- Sahabah, verification by: Ali Mohammad al- Bajawi, Cairo, Dar Nahdhat Misr for publication and distribution, 1970 A.D.

- ---------, Fath al- Bari fi Sahrh Sahih al- Bukhari, verififaction by: Muhibbuddin al- Khatib, Beirut, Dar al- Ma’arifah for publication, n.d.

- Al- Harbi, abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Ishaq (died: 285 A.H./ 898 A.D.), Gharib al- Hadith, verification by: Sulaiman Ibrahim Mohammad ‘Aabid, first edition, Makkah al- Mukarramah, Um al- Qura University, 1405 A.H.

- Ibn Hanbal, abu Abdullah Ahmad al- Shaibani (died: 241 A.H./ 855 A.D.), Musnad al- Imam bin Hanbal, Egypt, Qurtuba foundation, n.d.

- Al- Khatib al- Baghdadi, abu Bakr Ahmad bin Ali bin Thabit (died: 463 A.H./ 1070 A.D), Al- Kifayah fi ‘Ilm al- Riwayah, second edition, Hyderabad Aldikan, press of Ottoman encyclopedia council, 1970 A.D.

- Ibn Khayyat, Abū 'Amr Khalifa al- Laithy al- ‘Asfary (died: 240A.H. / 854 A.D), Tarikh Khalifah bin Khayyat, revision and verification by: Mustafa Najib Fawwaz- Hikmat Kilshi Fawwaz, first edition, Beirut, Dar al- Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyya, 1415 A.H. / 1995 A.D.

- Al- Darmi, abu Mohammad Abdullah bin Abdurrahman (died: 255 A.H/ 869 A.D.), Sunan al- Darmi, verification by: Fawaz Ahmad Zamirly- Khalid al- Sab’ al- ‘Ilmi, first edition, Beirut, Dar al- Kitab al- Arabi, 1407 A.H.

- Abu- Dawood, Sulaiman bin al- Ash’aath al- Sijistani al- Azdi (died: 275 A.H./ 889 A.D), Sunan abi Dawood, verification by: Mohammad Muhiddin Abdulhamid, Beirut, Dar al- Fikr, n.d.

- Al- Diyar Bakri, Husein bin Mohammad bin al- Hasan (died: 966 A.H./ 1559 A.D.), Tarikh al- Khamis fi Ahwal Anfas Nafis, Beirut, Dar Sadir, n.d.

- Al- Sakhawy, Shamsuddin Mohammad bin Abdurrahman (died: 902 A.H./ 1497 A.D.) , Al Tuhfa al- Latifa fi Tarikh al- Madina al- Sharifa, first edition, Beirut, Dar al- Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyya, 1414 A.H./ 1993 A.D.

- Ibn Sa’ad, abu Abdullah bin Manei’a al- Zuhry (died: 230 A.H. / 845 A.D.), Al- Tabaqat al- Kubrah, indexes prepared by: Riyadh Abdullah Abdulhadi, first edition, Beirut, Dar Ihyaa’ al- Turath al- Arabi, 1417 A.H./ 1996 A.D.

- Al- Suyuti, Jalaluddin Abdurrahman bin abi Bakr (died: 911 A.H./ 1505 A.D.), Jalaluddin Mohammad bin Ahmad al- Mahilli, Tafsir al- Jalain, first edition, Cairo, Dar al- Hadith, n.d.

- Ibn Shabba, abu Zaid Omar al- Numairi al- Basri (died:262 A.H./ 875 A.D), Tarikh al- Madinah al- Munawwarah (Akhbar al-Madinah al- Nabawiyyah), commentary and explication by: Ali Mohammad dandal- Yaseen Saduddin Bayan, first edition, Beirut, Dar al- Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyya, 1417 A.H./ 1996 A.D.

- Ibn abi Shaibah, abu Bakr Abdullah bin Mohammad (died:235 A.H./ 875 A.D.), Al- Kitab al- Musannaf fi al- Ahadith wa al- Athar (Musannaf ibn abi Shaibah), verification by: Kamal Yousif al- Hout, first edition, al- Riyadh, Al- Rashd, 1409 A.H.

- Al- Tabarani, abu al- Qasim Sulaiman bin Ahmad bin Ayyoub (died: 360 A.H./ 971 A.D.), Al- Mu’ajam al- Kabir, verification by: Hamdi Abdulmajeed al- Salafi, second edition, Mosul, al- Zahraa library, 1404 A.H./ 1983 A.D.

- ------, Al- Mu’ajam al- Sagheer, presentation and verification by: Kamal Yousif al- Hout, first edition, Beirut, al- kutub al- Thaqafiyya foundation, 1406 A.H./ 1986 A.D.

- Al- Tabari, abu Ja’afar Mohammad bin Jareer bin Yazid (died 310 A.H./ 923 A.D), Jami’a al- Bayan ‘an Ta’weel Ay al- Qur’an, Beirut, Dar al- Fikr, 1405 H.

- Ibn Abdulbar, abu ‘Amr Yousif bin Abdullah bin Mohammad (died: 463 A.H./ 1071 A.D.), Al- Isti’aab fi Ma’rifat al- Ashab, verification by: Ali Mohammad al- Bajawi, first edition, Beirut, Dar al- Jeel, 1412 A.H./ 1992 A.D

- Al- ‘Ainy, Badruddin Mahmoud bin Ahmad (died: 855 A.H./ 1451 A.D.), ‘Umdat al- Qari’ fi Sharh Sahih al- Bukhary, Beirut, Dar Ihya’ al- Turath al- Arabi for Publication, n.d.

- AL- Fairoozabadi, Majd al- Din Mohammad bin Yaqoub (died: 823 A.H./ 1415 A.D.), Al- Qamoos al- Muheet, Beirut, Al- Risalah foundation for publication, n.d.

- Ibn Qutaiba, abu Mohammad Abdullah bin Muslim al- Dinori (276 A.H./ 889 A.D.), Ghareeb al- Hadith, verification by: Abdullah al- Jubori, first edition, Baghdad, Al- ‘Aani press, 1397 A.H.

- Al- Qurtubi, Abu Abdullah Mohammad bin Ahmad bin abi Bakr al- Ansari (died: 671 A.H./ 1273 A.D.), Al- Jami’ li Ahkam al- Qur’an (Tafsir al- Qurtubi), presentation by: Hani al- Haj, verification and explication by: ‘Imad Zaki al- Baroodi- Khairi Sa’eed, Cairo, al- Maktaba al- Tawfikiyya, n.d.

- Ibn Katheer, Abu al- Fidaa’ Ismaeel bin Amr al- Dimashqi (died: 774 A.H./ 1373 A.d) , Tafsir al- Qur’an al- ‘Adheem, Beirut, Dar al- Fikr, 1401 A.H.

- --------, Al- Bidaya wa al- Nihaya, Beirut, Al- Ma’arif library, n.d.

- Ibn Maja, abu- Abdullah Mohammad bin Yazeed al- Qazwini (died: 273 A.H/ 887 A.D.), Sunan Ibn Maja, verification by: Mohammad Fuad Abdulbaki, Beirut, Dar al- Fikr, n.d.

- Muslim, ibn al- Hajjaj al- Qushairi al- Nisabori (died: 261 A.H./ 875 A.D), Al- Jami’ al- Sahih (Sahih Muslim), verification by: Mohammad Fuad Abdulbaqi, Beirut, Dar Ihyaa’ Al- Turath Al- Arabi, n.d.

- Ibn Ma’iin, Yahya al- Marri al- Ghatfani al- Baghdadi (died: 233 A.H./ 848 A.D.), Tarikh Yahya bin Ma’iin, verification by: Abdullah Ahmad Hasan, Beirut, Dar Al- Qalam, n.d.

- Ibn Muflih, abu Abdullah Mohammad al- Maqdisi (763 A.H/ 1362 A.D.), al- Adaab al- Shar’ayya, verification by: Shu’aib al- Arna’out- Omar al- Qiyam, second edition, Beirut, Al- Risalh foundation, 1417 A.H/ 1996 A.D

- Al- Maqdisi, Muwaffaquddin Abdullah bin Qudamah (died: 620 A.H./ 1223 A.D.), Al- Istibsar fi Nasab al- Sahabah min al- Ansar, verification and presentation by: Ali Nuaihidh, Beirut, Dar al- Fikr, 1392 A.H./ 1972 A.D.

- Ibn al- Mulqan, Sirajuddin abi Hafs Omar bin Ali bin Ahmad al- Ansari (died: 804 A.H./ 1401 A.D), Al- Badr al- Moneer fi Takhreej al- Ahadith wa al- Aathar al- Waqi’a fi al- Sharh al- Kabeer, verification by: Mustafa abu al- Gheit and other, first edition, al- Riyadh, 2004 A.D.

- Ibn Manzour, Jamaluddin abu al- Fadhl Mohammad bin Makram bin Ali (died: 711 A.H./ 1311 A.D.), Lisan al- Arab al- Muheet, first edition, Beirut, Dar Sadir-Dar Beirut for printing and publication, 1956 A.D.

- Al- Maidani, Abu al- Fadhl Ahmad bin Mohammad (died: 518 A.H./ 1124 A.D.), Mujamma’a al- Amthal, verification by: Mohammad Muhieddin Abdulhameed, Beirut, Dar al- Ma’rifah, n.d.

- Al- Nasa’ie, abu Abdurrahman Ahmad bin Shu’aib (303 A.H./ 915 A.D), Al- Sunan al- Kubrah (Sunan al- Nasa’ie), verification by: Abdulghaffar Sulaiman al- Bindari- Sayyid Kisroui Hasan, first edition, Beirut, Dar al- Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyya, 1411 A.H./ 1991 A.D.

- Al- Haithami, Nuroddin abi al- Hasan Ali bin abi Bakr (807 A.H./ 1405 A.D.), Mujamma’a al- Zawa’id wa Manba’a al- Fawa’id, Cairo/ Beirut, Dar al- Rayyan lil Turath/ Dar al- Kitab al- Arabi

Second: Modern Sources:

- Al- Shanqiti, Mohammad al- Amin bin Mohammad bin al- Mukhtar, Adhwaa’ al- Bayan fi Idhah al- Qur’an bi al- Qur’an, verification by: Research and studies bureau, Beirut, Dar al- Fikr for printing and publication, 1415 A.H./ 1995 A.D.

- Al- Kittani, Abdulhay Abdulkabir, Nidham al- Hukoma al- Nabawiyya al- Musamma al- Taratib al- Idariyya, Beirut, Dar al- Kitab al- Arabi, n.d.

Third: Researches and Periodicals

Ghali, Mohammad Ahmad, Nutrition at Pregnancy and Health of the Embryo and the Newborn, ‘Alam al- Fikr Journal, Kuwait, 3rd issue, 10th volume, 1979.