التأثيرات الجغرافية على الحملة الصليبية السابعة 646هـ/ 1248 م ـــــــ 648هـ/ 1250م
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
كانت الحروب الصليبية ولا تزال بئراً لا يجف للباحثين والمؤرخين العرب والاوربيين لما لها من اثار سلبية وايجابية على الصعيد السياسي والعسكري والفكري والاجتماعي والاقتصادي لكل الاطراف المتصارعة آنذاك , وفي هذا البحث الذي تناولناه والذي يتطرق إلى تأثيرات الجغرافية على سير الحملة الصليبية السابعة والتي وقعت أحداثها على أرض مصر و وسط تضاريس جغرافية، والمناخ الذي كان له الأثر السلبي على سير الحملة مباشرةً، وقد حاول كِلا الطرفين استغلاله لمصلحته، وقد ساعدت التضاريس الجغرافية المسلمين كثيراً كونهم أهل الأرض وهم ادرى بها، وقد تمكنوا من استغلالها وتسخيرها لهم وفق خطط وتكتيكات عسكرية ساعدتهم في إلحاق الهزيمة بالصليبيين الغزاة ، أما المناخ والتغيرات الجوية فكانت العدو اللدود للصليبيين ونرى ذلك واضحاً في عدم رسو كثير من سفن الصليبيين في الموانئ المحددة لها نتيجة الرياح العاتية التي غيرت وجهتها، ولابد أن الكثير منها قد غرق في البحر، وكذلك نرى أن المسلمين حاولوا جاهدين أن يكون قتال الصليبيين في فصل الصيف مستغلين ارتفاع درجات الحرارة في بلادهم والتي تؤثر في نشاط المقاتلين الصليبيين القادمين من أوربا تأثيراً مباشِراً وكذلك على اسلحتهم . و حاول المسلمون استعمال سلاح المياه واستغلال الأنهُر وفروعها في إنشاء البحيرات وحفر الطرق التي ساعدت في عرقلة سير الجيوش الصليبية وتقدمها نحو المدن الرئيسة . فقد كان للتأثيرات الجغرافية والتغييرات الطبوغرافية الأثر الواضح في دحر الصليبيين في مصر وإفشال الحملة الصليبية السابعة فلم ينجح الصليبيون في رسم خططهم عن وضع تلك البلاد .
وعلى تلك المتغيرات اعتمدنا في دراستنا هذه، وفي النهاية فإننا يجب أن لا نهمل العامل البشري بين العوامل الجغرافية، فنرى أنه عندما توحد صف المسلمين تحت راية واحدة استطاعوا طرد الغزاة من مصر وبلاد الشام .
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة

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المراجع
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