العلاقات العراقية - البريطانية 2003-2020
الشريط الجانبي للمقالة
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
أدرك البريطانيون أهمية العراق الاستراتيجية منذ مطلع القرن السابع عشر، لذلك بدأوا منذ ذلك التاريخ التخطيط للسيطرة عليه، وأصبح لهم نفوذ كبير فيه حتى عام 1914 عندما احتلت القوات البريطانية العراق. وعلى الرغم من دخول العراق إلى عصبة الأمم وإعلانه دولة مستقلة عام 1932، إلا أنه بقي خاضعاً للنفوذ البريطاني حتى ثورة 1958 .
تذبذت العلاقات بين البلدين بعد عام 1958، ولغاية عام 1991 عندما اشتركت بريطانيا بحرب الخليج ضد العراق وقطع العلاقات الدبلوماسية بينهما. وفي عام 2003 دخلت بريطانيا تحالفاً مع الولايات المتحدة خارج إطار الشرعية الدولية لغزو العراق واحتلاله، وبعد هذا التاريخ أعيدت العلاقات الدبلوماسية بين البلدين. وتطورت العلاقات بشكل كبير في المجالات السياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية بعد عام 2003
المقاييس
تفاصيل المقالة
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
المراجع
First: Books
- Ahmed Rafik Al-Barqawi, Political Relations between Iraq and Britain 1922-1932, Rashid Publishing House, Baghdad, 1980.
- Anthony Sampson, Who runs this place? The anatomy of Britain in the 21st century, John Murray, London , 2004.
- Abdul Razzaq al-Hasani, Modern Political History of Iraq, C1, I7, House of Public Cultural Affairs, Baghdad, 1989.
- Alaa Jassim Mohammed al-Harbi, Iraqi-British relations 1945-1958, House of Wisdom, Baghdad, 2002.
- Brown, Gordon . Britania's Everyday Heroes, Mainstream Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84596-307-1, 2007 .
- William Wallace, The foreign policy process in Britain, RIIA, London, 1975.
- Tanya Abdul Qadir Hussein, British Foreign Policy toward Iraq after April 9, 2003, discussed a promotion to the Iraqi Foreign Ministry, Baghdad, 2014.
secondly : Published research
- Colin Hay, The political economy of New Labour, Manchester, 1999, p. 43 ; John Gray, ‘Blair’s project in retrospect’, International Affairs 80: 1, 2004.
- Donna Lee, ‘The growing influence of business in UK diplomacy’, International Studies Perspectives 5:1,2004.
- Pual William, who is making foreign policy 2004.
- Shaun Breslin, ‘Beyond diplomacy? UK relations with China since 1997’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations 6: 3, 2004.
- Sattar Jabbar Al-Jaberi, Iraqi-British Relations After 2003, Al-Ustad Magazine, Issue No. 223, December 2017.
- This new post has been criticized on the grounds that while it provides a fast track to the prime minister on security and intelligence matters it simultaneously encourages the bypassing of cabinet on these important issues: Review of intelligence, para. 607.
Third: Official websites
- BBC, 17 March 2008.
- The official website of the British government at:
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary
- The Iraqi government's website at:
https://gds.gov.iq/ar/prime-minister-abd-al-mahdi-receives-uk-international-trade-secretary/
- The Website of the Iraqi Embassy in London at:
http://mofamission.gov.iq/ab/UKLondon&article=
- The British Council's website in Baghdad at:
https://iraq.britishcouncil.org/about/iraq
- Website of the Regional Iraqi Cultural Mission - London, at:
http://www.iraqiculturalattache.org.uk/ar/?
Fourth: Published articles
- Siddique, Haroon (22 June 2009). "Public Iraq war inquiry 'essential', says chairman". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
- A statement by William Hague, the British Foreign Secretary, on the occasion of his assumption of the position in 2010.
https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/foreign-commonwealth-office
- http://www.alsumaria.tv/news/165275
- May informs Al-Abadi of Britain's support for the unity of Iraq and calls on Kurdistan to encourage dialogue, posted on the link:
https://www.sotaliraq.com/2017/11/29/1
- Mina Al-Araibi, Al-Maliki meets with Brown today to open a new page in relations between their two countries, Asharq Al-Awsat Newspaper, April 30, 2009