-Ibn Al-Atheer, Majd Al-Din Abi Al-Saadat, The End in Gharib Al-Hadith and Al-Athar, Investigation: Taher Ahmad and Mahmoud Mohamed, Part 2, Beirut - No. T, p. 168; The Jurisprudence Encyclopedia, Article: Dhimma, I 1, C 21, Kuwait - 1989, p. 274; Attia Allah, Ahmad, The Islamic Dictionary, 1st Floor, M2, Cairo -1966, p. 440.

-Al-Mawardi, Ali bin Muhammad, The Rulings of the Royal and Religious States, Baghdad - 1989, p. 227.

- Ibn Al-Atheer, The End in Gharib Al-Hadith and Al-Athar, Part 2, p. 168

-Abu Youssef, Yaqoub Bin Ibrahim, Al-Kharaj, 4th edition, Cairo - 1392 AH, pp. 77-78; Al-Ajlani, Munir, The Genius of Islam in the Fundamentals of Governance, 2nd edition, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Jadeed - 1965, p. 41.

- Al-Sarkhasi, Abu Bakr Muhammad, Explanation of the Great Sir, i 1, c 1, India - 1335 AH, p. 168; Zidan, Abdul Karim, the rulings of the dhimmis and the faithful in Dar al-Islam, 2nd edition, Baghdad - 1976, p. 22; Khattab, Mahmoud Shit, Jewish machinations Throughout Islamic History, Journal of Thinking of the Nation, p. 6, Year 1, Oman - 1998, p. 20.

- Al-Shaybani, Ahmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Ahmad, part 2, Egypt - No. T. p. 211; Abu Dawud, Suleiman bin Al-Ash'ath, Sunan Abi Dawud, investigation: Muhammad Muhyiddin, part 3, Dar Al-Fikr - No. T. p. 80.

- Al-Hanbali, Mansour bin Idris, Scouting the Mask on the Body of Persuasion, i 1, Part 1, Egypt - 1319 AH, p. 704; Khattab, Jewish machinations, p. 20.

- Al-Sarkhasi, Al-Mabsut, 3rd floor, M5, C10, Beirut - 1978, p. 77; Al-Yuzbaki, Tawfiq Sultan, Studies in Islamic Systems, 2nd edition, Dar Al Kutub Foundation for Printing and Publishing - 1979, p 223.

- Terton, The Dhimmis in Islam, translation: Hassan Habashi, 2nd edition, Dar Al-Maaref - 1967, p. 1; Resler, Jack, Arab Civilization, translation: Ghoneim Abdoun, Cairo - 1966, p. 77.

- The Noble Qur’an, Surat Al-Imran, i.e .: 113. There are many noble verses that include mentioning the People of the Book. Looking: Surat Al-Baqara, Verse 105, 109, Surah Al-Imran, Verse 64, 65, 70, 71, 72, 98, 99, 110, 119, Surat Al-Nisaa, Verse 123, 153, 159, 171, Surah Al-Ma’idah, verse 4, 15, Surah Al-Ankabt, verse 46, Surah Al-Hadid, verse 29, Surah Al-Hashr, verse 2.

- Al-Jaheth, Amr bin Bahr, the animal, investigation: Abd al-Salam Haroun, 3rd floor, Part 1, Beirut - 1969, p. 86; Shintawi, article: People of the Book, Department of Knowledge, M5, p. 160; Jb and Kalamzer, article: People of the Book, Islamic Encyclopedia Facilitator, translation: Rashid Al-Barwai, Cairo - 1985, pp. 124-125.

-Ibn Abdin, Rad al-Muhtar, vol. 2, p. 37. And according to our historical sources, the house of the Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) is ten sheets, and the Prophet Shit (peace be upon him) is fifteen newspapers. Ibn Al-Atheer, Ali Ibn Abi Al-Karam, Al-Kamil in History, part 1, Cairo - No. T., pp. 29-30. As for the psalms, it was revealed to the Prophet David (peace be upon him) and includes poems and songs to praise God, praise Him, praise Him, and invoke Him. But what was revealed to the Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) and other prophets (peace be upon them) was not called books, but newspapers, and these newspapers are almost book. Al-Shahristani, Muhammad Abd al-Karim, Mullahs and Bee, Presented by: Sidqi al-Attar, Beirut - 1999, pp. 171, p. 185.

- Al-Jahiz, The Animal, Part 1, p. 86.

-Abu Ya`la, Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, The Sultan's Rulings, Correction: Muhammad Hamid, 1st Edition, Egypt- 1938, p. 138

- Malik bin Anas, Al-Muwatta, investigation: Muhammad Fouad, part 1, Egypt - No. T. p. 278; al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, the likes and isotopes in the rules and branches of Fiqh Shafi’i jurisprudence, investigation: Muhammad Hamid, Egypt - 1938, p. 290.

-Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam, p. 230; Al-Yuzbaki, History of the Dhimmis in Iraq from 12-247 A.H., PhD thesis (unpublished), Ain Shams University, Cairo - 1972, p. 39.

-Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad, the lessons and Diwan al-Mubtada and al-Khubar in the days of Arabs, Persians and Berbers, and those of their contemporaries with the greatest authority, Part 1, Beirut - 1981, p. 348.

-Zidan, Jerji, History of Islamic Civilization, 4th floor, Part 1, Al-Hilal Press - 1935, p. 18.

-Ibn Qutaybah, Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Muslim, Al-Maarif, investigation: Tharwat Okasha, Dar Al-Kutub Press - 1960, p. 621; Ibn Rastah, Ahmed bin Omar, Precious Ethics, M7, Leiden - 1891, p. 217.

-Ibn Qutaybah, Al-Ma’arif, p. 621; Ibn Rosta, Al-Alaq, p. 217; Al-Tawhidi, Abu Hayyan, Insights and Ammunition, Achievement: Ibrahimi Al-Kilani, M2, Damascus - 1966, p. 45.

- Ibn Reseh, Al-Alaq, p. 217; Al-Tawhidy, Al-Basaer, M2, p. 45; Al-Abhishehi, Shihab al-Din, Al-Mutafrif in Every Expired Art, vol. 2, Cairo- 1942, p. 88;

- Marani, Najia, Mandaean Sabian Concepts, 2nd edition, Baghdad - 1981, pp. 65-66.

-Al Masoudi, Ali bin Al Hussein, promoter of gold and mineral minerals, see: Muhammad Mohyidin, part 1, Egypt - No. T. p. 188.

- Ibn Katheer, Imad Al-Din Abu Al-Fedaa, Beginning and End, Part 1, Beirut - No. T. p. 35.

-Waraqa bin Nawfal bin Asad bin Abd Al-Ezza, cousin, mother of the believers, Khadija bint Khuwaylid (may God be pleased with him)

-Waraqa bin Nawfal bin Asad bin Abd Al-Ezza, cousin, mother of the believers, Khadija Bint Khuwailid (may God be pleased with her), the wife of the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace), was a Christian who read books and taught people, and Khadija (may God be pleased with her) presented him with the Messenger (may God bless him) Peace be upon him) when revelation fell upon him. Ibn Hisham, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Malik, Biography of the Prophet, review: Muhammad Muhyiddin, part 1, Dar al-Fikr - No. T. p. 206.

- Othman bin Al-Hawerith bin Asad bin Abdul-Aziz, who is the cousin of Warqa bin Nawfal and the mother of the believers Khadija (may God be pleased with her) the wife of the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace), was among the many of the Hanafis who retired from their people and asked for the true religion and then Christianized. Ibn Hisham, Biography of the Prophet, part 1, pp. 143-144.

- It was built by a man from Iyad who is called the one-eyed from Bani Hadaqa Bin Zahr Bin Iyad. Al-Hamwi, Shihab al-Din, A Dictionary of Countries, M2, Tehran - 1965, p. 644.

- Bishops' Houses: They are domes and palaces located near Al-Hirah. Al-Hamwi, Dictionary of Countries, M2, pp. 642-643.

- Al-Ashabhani, Ali bin Al-Hussain, Al-Aghani, vol. 2, Cairo - No. T., pp. 24-25.

- Jap and Kalmzer, The Soft Islamic Encyclopedia, Part 2, p. 937. And among these feasts is Palm Sunday, in which the entry of Christ (peace be upon him) to Jerusalem on a Palm Sunday was the day of praise. Al-Biruni, Muhammad bin Ahmed, the Saudi Law, Part 1, No. T., p. 251.

- Al-Omari, Ibn Fadlallah, Paths of Sight in the Kingdoms of the Sovereigns, investigation: Ahmed Zaki, part 1, Cairo - 1924, pp. 358-359.

- Babu Ishaq, Raphael, History of the Christians of Iraq from the spread of Christianity in the Arab countries to our days, Baghdad - 1948, pp. 29-30.

- The resin: it is the garden. Al-Hamwi, Dictionary of Countries, M2, p. 728

- Hashan: Gather a hash, which is the grove. Ibn Abd al-Haqq, Safi al-Din, observatories observing the names of places and the Beqaa, investigation: Ali Muhammad al-Bajawi, 1st edition, part 1, House of the Revival of Books

- Al-Asbhani, Al-Aghani, vol. 3, p. 116 Al-Jumhi, Muhammad bin Salam, Tabaqat Al-Fawwal Al-Shuaraa, Investigation: Mahmoud Muhammad, Vol. 1, Cairo-no. - 1361 AH, p. 249; Abu al-Fida, Imad al-Din, abbreviated in Akhbar al-Bishr, Article 1, Part 1, Beirut - 1960, pp. 93- 94. For more information on this subject, see: Zidan, History of the Literatures of the Arabic Language, Part 1, Dar Al-Hilal - 1957 , Pp. 164-165; Ada, Khalil, The Al-Smawal Novel, Al-Mashreq Magazine, vol. 4-5, year 49, Beirut - 1955, pp. 514-569.

- Imru al-Qais bin Hajar bin al-Harith, one of the poets of Yemen, nicknamed Abu Wahb, and it was said that al-Harith and Imru al-Qais had the title of victory over him when he suffered from the weakening of the age, which means the man of distress, he died in the year 565 AD. Cheikho, Louis, Christianity Poets Before Islam, 2nd edition, Beirut - 1967, p. 6.

- The Oudi mouth: It is the prayer of Ibn Amr bin Malik bin Auf, and the mouth is a nickname, and he was one of the great poets of Arabs before Islam and he is the master of his people and their leader in their wars and they issued his opinion and the Arabs considered him from his sages. Al-Asbhani, The Songs, vol. 12, pp. 169-173.

- Sheikho, Christianity Poets Before Islam, pp. 1, p. 70; Amin, Ahmad, Dawn of Islam.

- Safwat Al-Tafaseer - First Volume - Dar Al-Qur’an - Beirut - 4th Edition - P.208 - Muhammad Ali Al-Sabouni

- Narrated by Al-Bukhari - Part (1), p. 9 - The Book of Revelation Beginning - Chapter How was the beginning of revelation to the Messenger  - Hadith No. (7)

-Sharh Al-Nawawi Ali Sahih Muslim - Part 12, Pg. 109 (Millennium Library) 0

- Narrated by Muslim - Part 1 - P.134 - Chapter: Obligation to Believe in the Message of our Prophet Muhammad  To All People (Encyclopedia Golden), Hadith No. 1535

- Narrated by Bukhari - Part One - p. 48, Chapter on Educating a Man on his Nation and His Family - Hadith No. 97

- The socio-economic conditions of the Dhimma family in the era of the message and the adult age

- Muhammad Abdullah Annan, Decisive Positions in the History of Islam (Cairo: 1962), p. 232; Adam Metz, Islamic Civilization in the Fourth Hijri Century (Beirut: 1967), Vol. 1, p. 314.

- Ali Shehata, Slavery Between Us and America, pp. 97-98; Ahmad Atiyah Allah, The Islamic Dictionary, (Cairo: 1963), Vol. 2, pp. 557-558.

- Muhammad Jaber Al-Hini, Islamic Studies in the Holy Quran (Cairo: 1966), p. 46.

- Surah Al-Hujurat: Verse 13.

- Al-Tabari, Abu Ja`far Muhammad ibn Jarir, the interpretation of al-Tabari or Jami` al-Bayan on the interpretation of any Qur’an, investigation: Mahmoud Muhammad, vol. 5, Egypt - no.

- The Noble Qur’an, Surat Al-Baqara, verse 256.

- Al-Masoudi, History, Achievement: Adi Sher, Part 2, No. T., p. 614. A text of a covenant directed by the Messenger (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) is presented to one of the heads of the Christians, in which he (peace and blessings be upon him) affirms that Muslims should not They force one of the Christians to convert to Islam, and this book is unique in mentioning this era without other historical sources. Looking: p. 614.

- Al-Ajlani, The Genius of Islam, p. 42.

- Al-Bayhaqi, Ahmed bin Al-Hussein, Sunan Al-Bayhaqi Al-Kubra, investigation: Muhammad Abdul Qadir, part 9, Makkah Al-Mukarramah-1994, p. 205

- Abu Yousef, Al-Kharj, pp. 77-78; Ibn Hisham, Biography of the Prophet, part 2, pp. 204-205; Al-Asbhani, Al-Aghany, vol. 12, pp. 4-8; C 3, Beirut - 1978, pp. 3-5, Ibn Al-Atheer, Al-Kamil, C 2, pp. 22-23; Al-Thahabi, Shams Al-Din, History of Islam (Al-Maghazi), Investigation: Omar Abdel Salam, 2nd edition, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi - 1990, pp. 695-698 Ibn Katheer, The Beginning and the End, vol. 5, p. 55. For more information on these covenants, see: Hamidullah, Muhammad, Collection of Political Documents of the Prophet’s Covenant, Beirut - 1987, pp. 175-176; Jum`ah, Ibrahim, Memoirs in Pre-Islamic History of the Arabs and Sadr al-Islam, No. T., p. 49.

- Jap and Kalmzer, The Soft Islamic Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, p. 1206.

- Ibn Hisham, The Prophet's Biography, Part 2, pp. 30-31; Ibn Katheer, The Beginning and End, Part 3, p. 61;

- Al-Masoudi, History, Part 2, pp. 618-619.

- Ibn Suleiman, Mary, The Patriarchs of the East Chair, Inquiry: Jesmondi, Rome - 1899, p. 62. The narratives differ regarding the meeting of this delegation to the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace), as some historians say that the delegation met the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace). Ibn Suleiman, Akhbar Fatarka, p. 62, and some of them mention that the delegation met the caliph Abu Bakr (may God be pleased with him) because the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) had died before the arrival of the delegation. Anonymous author, Price History, Vol. 2, pp. 618-619.

- Al-Shafi’i, Muhammad bin Idris, Ahkam Al-Qur’an, Collected: Ahmad Bin Al-Hussein, vol. 2, Beirut - 1980, p. 76.

- Al-Hadithi, Nizar Abdul-Latif, The Nation and the State in the Policy of the Prophet and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, i 1, Baghdad-1987, p. 108.

- Ibn Hisham, The Prophet's Biography, part 2, pp. 119-123.

- Al-Bukhari, Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol. 2, p. 953; Haji Khalifa, Mustafa bin Abdullah, uncovered misgivings about the names of books and arts, M1, Baghdad - No. T. p. 504.

- The Noble Qur’an, Surat Al-Ankabb, verse 46.

- Nisaburi, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Sahih Muslim, investigation: Muhammad Fouad, part 3, Beirut - No. T, p. 1357.

- Surat Al-Baqara: Verse 256.

- Malik bin Anas, The Great Blog, M3, C6, p. 390; Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam, p. 108; Al-Janabi, Ajami Mahmoud, Haroun Al-Rashid and Caliphate Institutions during his reign 170-193 AH, Mosul -1989, p. 97.

- Abu Abdullah Sharik bin Abdullah took over the jurisdiction of Kufa during the days of the Caliph al-Mahdi and was subsequently deposed by Caliph al-Hadi. He was a religious scholar who died in 177 AH / 793AD. Ibn Khalkan, Deaths of Senators, Part 2, p. 169.

- Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, Article 9, pp. 228-222; Al-Jayoushi, Flags of the Judiciary in Islam, pp. 132-144.

- Ahmed bin Abi Dawood bin Harir, one of the well-known judges of Mu'tazila (160-240 AH / 776-84AD). Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, Article 4, pp. 141-156.

- Al-Qayrawani, Ibrahim bin Ali, Zahr al-Adab and the fruit of kernels, investigation: Muhammad Mohiuddin, 4th floor, part 1, Beirut - 1972, p. 250.

- Swar bin Abdullah, a well-known judge in Baghdad, was born in Beit Alam and Qada, his grandfather, the Basra judge, died in the year AH 245 / AD 859. Al-Thahabi, Biographies of the Flags of the Nobles, vol. 11, p. 245.

- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Ahkam al-Dhimma, vol. 1, pp. 216-217.

- Hafs bin Ghayath: He is a judge from the people of Kufa, the ruler of Baghdad in the era of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, and then he has the jurisdiction of Kufa, where he died. Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, No. 8, pp. 188-191.

- The same source, pp. 191-192.

- Ibn Asaker, Refining the History of Damascus, Vol. 2, pp. 107-108.

- Ibn Al-Foti, Collective Accidents, p. 73.

- Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, pp. 7, pp. 427-428; Al-Thahabi, Ticket for Conservation, Part 1, p. 370.

- Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, pp. 7, pp. 427-428; Al-Thahabi, Ticket for Conservation, Part 1, p. 370.

- Al-Kindi, The Governors, p. 391. Muhammad bin Masroq was a jurist of opinion opinion who took up the judiciary in Egypt and died in the year 285 AH / 898AD. Al-Safadi, Al-Wafi Al-Mortal, Vol. 5, p. 21.

-Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, Article 6, p. 295.

-Qudamah bin Jaafar, Al-Kharj, pp. 42-43.

-Al-Mawardi, Adab Al-Qadi, Vol. 2, pp. 550-552; Al-Qalqashandi, Subuh, Vol. 13, p. 207.

- Al-Mawardi, The Royal Decrees, pp. 552-553.

- Malik bin Anas, The Great Blog, Vol. 4, p. 104.

- Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam, p. 554.

- Jurisprudence Encyclopedia, Article: Dyat, vol. 21, p. 47.

- Yahya Bin Adam, Al-Kharj, p. 72.

- Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam, p. 351.

- The same source, p. 353.

- Ibid., Pp. 351-352.

- Qudamah bin Jaafar, Al-Kharj, p. 67.

- Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam, p. 353; Al-Suyuti, Al-Ashab and Isotopes, p. 290

- Abu Ya`la, Al-Ahkam, p. 258.

- Al-Kasani, Bada'i Al-Sanayeh, part 7, p. 254; Ibn Qudamah, Al-Mughni, part 7, p. 793.

- Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Sunan Al-Kubra, vol. 8, p. 133.

- Al-Rayes, Al-Kharj, p. 403.

- Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam, pp. 234-235.

- Ibn Hawqal, Image of the Earth, pp. 263-264; Al-Maqrizi, Al-Kitat, vol. 1, p. 99.

- Al-Khwarizmi, Keys of Science, pp. 257-258.

- Jawad Al-Ali, A Brief History of the Arabs, p. 364.

- Qudamah bin Ja`far, Al-Kharj, p. 242.

- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Rulings of the Dhimmis, Part 1, pp. 159-160

- Al-Kubaisi, Al-Kharj, p. 67.

- Al-Yaqoubi, Al-Baladat, p. 81.

- Al-Sabi, The Ministers, p. 270.

- Al-Suyuti, Phimology and Isotopes, p. 290.

- Malik bin Anas, The Great Blog, c15, p. 19.

- Malik bin Anas, The Great Blog, M3, C6, p. 390; Al-Mawardi, Al-Ahkam, p. 108; Al-Janabi, Ajami Mahmoud, Haroun Al-Rashid and Caliphate Institutions during his reign 170-193 AH, Mosul -1989, p. 97.

- Abu Abdullah Sharik bin Abdullah took over the jurisdiction of Kufa during the days of the Caliph al-Mahdi and was subsequently deposed by Caliph al-Hadi. He was a religious scholar who died in 177 AH / 793AD. Ibn Khalkan, Deaths of Senators, Part 2, p. 169.

- Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, M9, pp. 228-222; Al-Jayoushi, Flags of the Judiciary in Islam, pp. 132- 134.

- Ahmad bin Abi Dawood bin Harir, one of the famous judges of Mu'tazila (160-240 AH / 776-84AD). Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, Article 4, pp. 141-156.

- Al-Qayrawani, Ibrahim bin Ali, Zahr al-Adab and the fruit of kernels, investigation: Muhammad Mohiuddin, 4th floor, part 1, Beirut - 1972, p. 250.

- Swar bin Abdullah, a well-known judge in Baghdad, was born in Beit Alam and Qada, his grandfather, the Basra judge, died in the year AH 245 / AD 859. Al-Thahabi, Biographies of the Flags of the Nobles, vol. 11, p. 245.

- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Rulings of the Dhimmis, Part 1, pp. 216-217.

- Hafs bin Ghayath: He is a judge from the people of Kufa, and the ruler of Baghdad in the era of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, then he has the jurisdiction of Kufa, where he died. Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, No. 8, pp. 188-191.

- The same source, pp. 191-192.

- Ibn Asaker, Refining the History of Damascus, Vol. 2, pp. 107-108.

- Ibn Al-Foti, Collective Accidents, p. 73.

- Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, History of Baghdad, No. 7, pp. 427-428; Al-Dhahabi, Ticket for Conservation, Part 1, p. 370.

- Al-Kindi, The Governors, p. 391. Muhammad bin Masroq was a jurist of opinion opinion who took up the judiciary in Egypt and died in the year 285 AH / 898AD. Al-Safadi, Al-Wafi Al-Mortal, Vol. 5, p. 21.