النظم الاقتصادية للدولتين المماليك البحرية والمماليك البرجية(الجراكسة) (648-923ه/1250-1517م)((دراسة مقارنة))

Abstract

The economic aspect is an important part of the civilization of any nation or state, and the basis of any state is the economic systems and must receive special attention and attention from the sultans and kings. The Mamluks have a special status that makes the era of the Mamluk Sultans an age worthy of further study, research and scrutiny. Moreover, the external and internal events associated with this era reflect not only the history of Egypt and Syria, but also the history of Islamic countries. The second is the continuation and extension of the first. The beginning of its composition and formation dates back to the Ayyubid era. Its end is in the line of deterioration that began in the late Mamluk maritime period and continued during the Mamluk period.We have dealt with the historical texts of the economic aspects mentioned in the Arab sources and references to the economic systems in these two countries, as well as the scrutiny and scrutiny in order to give a comparative study between them.The study dealt with the preamble and three topics and the conclusion: The preface dealt with the political conditions in the two countries. It dealt with the emergence of the Mamluks and the establishment of the Mamluk maritime state with the names of their sultans and the factors and causes of the fall of their state at the hands of the Mamluks. And then fell by the Ottomans in the Battle of Raidaniyah in the year (923 AH / 1517 AD). The first topic included agriculture and its importance in the economic aspect and the identification of the agricultural conditions represented by the land varieties and the identification of agricultural crops and identify the means of irrigation and knowledge of agricultural crops, in addition to livestock. The second topic dealt with industry and the most important types of industries and the most prominent industrial products which were famous for the two countries. The third topic dealt with the two countries' trade and the types of trade and internal trade and foreign trade, mentioning the most important trade treaties of the two countries, and clarifying their trade routes with the types of commercial goods that were exported and imported by the first Mamluk state, Commercial centers and ports at the time of the two countries. Conclusion We conclude the results of this study.