A Proposed Counseling Program Based on Self-regulation to Develop Epistemic Confidence among University Students
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Abstract
The current research aims to develop a cognitive confidence scale for university students and to create a proposed guidance program based on self-regulation to enhance cognitive confidence among them. The statistical analysis sample consisted of 400 male and female students from Kirkuk University, selected using simple random sampling with proportional distribution. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a cognitive confidence scale based on the theory of Fonagi and Allison (2014). The scale comprised 32 items, and its face validity, construct validity, and reliability were verified using the test-retest method. The reliability coefficient was 86%, while Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.83. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used as the statistical tool. A proposed guidance program based on self-regulation to enhance cognitive confidence among university students, according to Bandura's theory, was also developed. In the light of the findings, which indicate a low level of cognitive confidence among the research sample, the researcher offers a set of recommendations and suggestions.
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