The Image of the Barmakids in Satirical Poetry
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Abstract
This research examines the image of the Barmakids in satirical poetry during the Abbasid era, focusing on the transformations in their poetic representation after their downfall and political collapse. It is based on the assumption that their presence in satire was limited compared to praise, due to their former prestigious status, which initially encouraged poets to highlight their generosity before turning to satire. The analysis shows that their satire often appeared in short, direct verses aimed at quick and effective communication of meaning. Their image was also shaped by a historical shift from praise to blame, where traits such as miserliness, poor governance, and authoritarianism became prominent, along with political and religious accusations. The study reveals a diversity of artistic techniques, ranging from direct statement to subtle implication, employing irony, paradox, simile, and metaphor. Satire was not limited to personal criticism but extended to social and political commentary, as the Barmakids became a symbol of fallen authority. The research concludes that their satire was not an independent poetic genre but rather a reflection of political circumstances and shifting power dynamics, highlighting the close relationship between poetry and historical reality. It also notes differing poetic attitudes toward them, ranging from relative neutrality to exaggerated condemnation driven by political or personal motives, which contributed to a multidimensional portrayal reflecting intellectual tensions in the Abbasid period.
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