بنية الصناعات والتوزيع الجغرافي للصناعات المتجاوزة في مدينة طوز خورماتو

Abstract

This research presents a comprehensive analytical study of the structure and geographical distribution of informal industries in Tuz Khurmatu, employing a descriptive and analytical approach supported by field data and geographical maps. The study focuses on identifying the types of informal industries, such as handicrafts and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and outlining their characteristics in terms of the nature of their activities, workforce size, and level of technology employed. The geographical distribution of these industries is also analyzed, revealing their concentration within residential areas and on the city's outskirts. The reasons for this concentration are explained, attributable to several factors, most notably weak planning oversight, high prices for industrial land, and the proximity of these industries to raw material sources and local markets. The research also examines the consequences of the proliferation of informal industries, including environmental impacts such as pollution and noise, urban development pressures on infrastructure and services, and their economic and social impacts.