Main Article Content

Shaha Daham Al-Jubouri
shaha@tu.edu.iq

Abstract

This research talks about the Portuguese penetration and colonization in the Arabian Gulf region between the years (1500 - 1650) and the general conditions in it because this history represents great importance for understanding the alliances and conflicts taking place in this vital region and to show the vital and strategic importance of the vital and strategic Arabian Gulf to the colonial and European countries such as the Portuguese, Spaniards, English and others. And the local forces in this region such as the Safavids, the Ottomans, the Mamluks and the Arabs later. The colonial conflict in the Gulf region had a great impact on building the political future after the sixteenth century, not only because of the Portuguese and the English, but also the conflict that was between the Safavids and the Ottomans for influence in the Arabian Gulf, and this issue is of great importance in the history of this important economically and strategically region

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Article Details

How to Cite
Al-Jubouri, S. D. (2022). The Portuguese penetration in the Persian Gulf (1500-1650). Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities, 29(10, 1), 198–218. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.10.1.2022.10
Section
Articles

References

Arabic books.

- Ismail Nouri Al-Rubaie, Arabs and Colonialism, Sharjah, 2000.

- Amin Saeed, The Arab Gulf in its Political History and its Modern Renaissance, Beirut, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, (d.s.).

- Sabri Faleh Al-Hamdi, The International Conflict in the Arabian Gulf (1500-1985), London, Dar Al-Hama, 2010.

- Tariq Nafeh Al-Hamdani and others, Modern and Contemporary History of the Arab Gulf, Baghdad, Adnan House and Library, 2015.

- Aisha Al-Sayyar, The Ya’ariba State in Amman and East Africa, Dar Al-Quds for Science, Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Beirut, 1975.

- Abbas Al-Azzawi, Encyclopedia of the History of Iraq between Two Occupations, Beirut, Arab House for Publications, Part 4, 2004.

- Abdel Aziz Nawar, Raafat Ghonimi Al-Sheikh, History of the Modern and Contemporary Arabs, Ain Al-Shams University Press, 1996.

- Abdel Azim Ramadan, History of Europe and the World in the Modern Era, Egypt, The Egyptian General Book Organization, vol 1, 1997.

- Abdel Karim Mahmoud Gharaibeh, History of the Modern Arabs (1918-1500), Damascus, Damascus University Press, vol. 1, 1960.

- Ali Al-Moayad, The Sectarian Factor and Its Impact on International Relations, Baghdad, Al-Ki Publishing and Distribution, 2020.

- Issa Amin, History of the Portuguese in the Arabian Gulf, Memoirs of Duarte Barbarossa, Manama, Al-Ayyam Foundation for Press, Industry, Publishing and Distribution, 1996.

- Faleh Handal, Arabs and Portugal in History, Abu Dhabi, Cultural Foundation Publications, 1997.

- Muhammad Hassan Al-Aidarous, The United Arab Emirates from Colonialism to Independence, Kuwait, 1st Edition, 1989.

- Muhammad Hamid Al-Salman, The Portuguese Invasion of South Arabia and the Gulf from 1507-1525, United Arab Emirates, Zayed Center for Heritage and History, 2000.

- Muhammad Suhail Taqqosh, History of the Safavid state in Iran, Beirut, Dar Al-Nafaes for printing, publishing and distribution, 2009.

- Muhammad Suhail Taqqosh, History of the Mamluks in Egypt and the Levant, Lebanon, Dar Al-Nafaes, 1997.

- Hamad Asfour Salman, Pages in Modern Arab History, Iraq, Diyala University Central Press, 2014.

- Mahmoud Shaker, Encyclopedia of the History of the Arab Gulf, Jordan, Dar Osama for Publishing and Distribution, 2005.

- Mustafa Abdul Qadir Al-Najjar, Modern and Contemporary History of the Arab Gulf, Baghdad, Baghdad University Press, 1984.

- Mustafa Aqeel Al-Khatib, International Competition in the Arabian Gulf 1622 17 63, Beirut, Egyptian Library, 1981.

- Nadia Mahmoud Mustafa, The Mamluk Era Experience from the Elimination of the Crusader Existence to the Beginning of the Second European Attack, Egypt, Al-Hadara Center for Political Studies, (d.s.(

Arabized books

- S.B. Miles, The Gulf Countries and Tribes, T: Muhad Amin Abdullah, Sultanate of Oman, 1980.

- Sardar Panikar, Asia and Western Control, translated by: Abdulaziz Javed, Cairo, Dar Al Maaref, 1962.

- Salih Ozbran, the Ottoman Turks and the Portuguese in the Arabian Gulf, translated by: Abdul-Jabbar Naji, Baghdad, Publications of the Center for Arab Gulf Studies, 1979.

- Lieutenant Colonel, History of the Gulf, translated by: Muhammad Amin Abdullah, Sultanate of Oman, Ministry of Heritage and Culture, 4th edition, 2016.

- Nasrallah Philosophical, Iran and its foreign relations in the Safavid era, t.: Muhad Fathi Youssef Al-Rayes, Cairo, Dar Al-Thaqafa for Printing and Publishing, 1989.

Undergraduate Theses

- Tariq Ahmed Sheikho, “The Ottoman Empire and the Arab Mashreq in the Era of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)”, an unpublished master’s thesis submitted to the University of Mosul, 2008

- Ghanem Rumayd Al-Ajili, The Rise and Fall of the Ya’ariba Dynasty in Amman, an unpublished master’s thesis, Institute of Arab Research and Studies, Baghdad, 1987.

English books

- John Townsend, Oman the Making of Modren State, London, 1977.

- Nabil M. Kaylani, Politics and Religion in Oman, Middle East Studies, London, 1929.

- Alboquerqe, (Autobiography) The Commentaries of translate into English by Gray, London, 1973, vol1.

- Carruthers, The Desert Route to India, London, 1929.

Research and articles

- Ahmed Al-Darafi, The Story of the Failure of the Crusaders’ Alliance with the Safavids, Dunya Al-Watan Magazine, Palestine, April 2010, No. 2.

- Salma Adnan Muhammad, The Strait of Hormuz, the Geopolitical Situation and Regional Conflicts, The Arabian Gulf Journal, University of Basra, Nos. 3-4: 2009.

- Sadiq Abd Wani, The Omani State, Its Origin and Prosperity, Omani Studies Symposium, Volume Two, Sultanate of Oman, 1981.

- Salih Al-Abed, Liberation of the Coasts of Oman from Portuguese Domination 1632-1650, Ninth Session Lectures in the Sultanate of Oman, Diplomatic Institute, 1994.

- Salah Al-Akkad, The Role of Arabs and Persians in Combating Portuguese Colonialism in the Arabian Gulf, Omani Studies Symposium, Volume IV, Sultanate of Oman, 1980

الكتب الانكليزية

- John Townsend, Oman the Making of Modren State, London, 1977.

- Nabil M. Kaylani, Politics and Religion in Oman, Middle East Studies, London, 1929.

- Alboquerqe, (Autobiography) The Commentaries of translate to English by Gray, London, 1973, vol1.

- Carruthers, The Desert Route to India, London, 1929.