Main Article Content

Sami A. Zahoo
thaeer.salman.faisal@gmail.com
Thaeer Salman. F
thaeer.salman.faisal@gmail.com

Abstract

Orientalists were able to follow Islamic history in a remarkable way, to the extent that they entered into the details of historical events, and we do not want to present judgments about what they wrote, but we are stopped by opinions that must be reconsidered, especially when they contradict the orientations of the Arabs or show how powerful the East is in imposing its will on the West. Among these aspects is the personality of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, as the Europeans, specifically the Orientalists of different ethnic affiliations, schools and countries, made many writings about the personality of Saladin, his battles with the Crusaders, his efficiency, and his administrative, military and moral capabilities. The westerners preferred Saladin for their own leaders. That is why the chosen author was chosen for this paper because of his authenticity and his narration is nearer to the reality of Saladin.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Article Details

How to Cite
Zahoo, S. A., & F, T. S. (2023). Salah al_Din al-Ayyubi in the Writings of Orientalists: Hamilton Jeb as a Model. Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities, 30(6, 1), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.30.6.1.2023.10
Section
Articles

References

• Ibn Asaker: Abi Al-Qasim Ali bin Al-Hassan bin Heba Allah bin Abdullah Al-Shafi’i (571 AH).

- Ta'reekh Damascus, edited by: Abi Saeed Amr bin Gharamah, Dar Al-Fikr (Beirut, 1995)

• William of Tyre

- The History of Works Historia Rerum of The Crusader Historian, included: Suhail Zakkar, The Comprehensive Encyclopedia of the Crusades, Dar Al-Fikr (Damascus, 1995).

• Badawi: Abdul Rahman

_ Encyclopedia of Orientalists, Dar Al-Faris for Central Printing Press (Amman, 2003).

• Brawer: Joshua

_ The World of the Crusaders, translation, presentation and commentary: Dr. Qassem Abdo Qasim _ d. Mohammed Khalifa Hassan, appointed studies and research (Giza, 1999).

• Bodley: Ronald

_ The Messenger: The Life of Muhammad, translated by: Muhammad Muhammad Farag _ Abd al-Hamid Judeh, Library of Egypt (Cairo, d.T).

• Paul: Stanley Lane

_ The Biography of Cairo, translated by: Hassan Ibrahim Hassan and others, 2nd Edition, The Egyptian Renaissance Library (Cairo, 2011).

_ Salah al-Din and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, edited by: Farouk Saad, Dar Al-Ahram (Cairo, 1995)

• Jassim: Nasser Al-Mulla

_ British Orientalism in the Twentieth Century, Roya Publishing House (Dr. M, 2017).

• JP: Hamilton

_ Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi _ Studies in Islamic History, edited by: Youssef Ibish, The Arab Foundation for Studies and Publishing (Dr. AD, 1973).

Durant: Well

_ The Story of Civilization, Dar Al-Jeel Press (Beirut, 1988).

Rodinson: Maxim

_ Heritage of Islam, under the supervision of: Shacht_ Bosworth, translated by: Dr. Muhammad Al-Samhouri and others, commentary and investigation by: Dr. Shaker Mustafa, The National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature (Kuwait, 1978(.

• Scott: Walter

_ Talisman, Arabization: Mahmoud Mahmoud, Composition and Translation Committee Press (Cairo, 1938 AD)

• Le Bon: Gustave

_ Civilization of the Arabs, translated by: Adel Zuaiter, Egyptian General Book Organization (Cairo, 2000 AD(.

• group of researchers

_ Advancing and Keeping Up with the Times, The Arab Foundation (Amman, 2005).

• Honke: Sigrid

_ God is not like that, translated by: Gharib Muhammad Gharib, 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Shorouk (Cairo, 1996 AD)

Foreign books:

• Edward Gibbon, Empire , The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman, (New York, J. & J. Harper, 1826).

• Gibb, H.A.R." al-Barq al-Shami: The History of Saladin by the Katib "Imad-dn Al-Isfahani".

periodicals:

• Al-Alusi: Hussam Mohieldin

_ A critical picture of traditional and new Orientalism, Orientalism magazine, issue (3), 1989 AD.

• Jassim: Nasser Al-Mulla

_ Salah al-Din in the French and English Romantic Stories, Journal of the Center for Documentation and Human Studies at Qatar University, Issue (8), 1996 AD.

• Hourani: Albert, J.B. Hamilton

_ Orientalist Achievements, Arab Development Magazine, Issue (32), 1983 AD.

• Mohamed: Ahmed Nazmi

_ Orientalism and getting out of the impasse, Orientalism magazine, issue (3), 1989 AD