Kuwait's Independence and Japan's Attitude towards It
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Kuwait was able to gain its complete independence by taking advantage of the popular demand for independence. Britain agreed to replace the 1899 Protection Treaty with a new treaty called the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, according to which Kuwait was granted its independence in 1961. Japan’s position on Kuwait’s independence was positive, supportive, and effective in order to preserve its economic interests in Kuwait. Represented by the oil agreement signed in 1958, it had an effective role against Iraq’s demand to annex Kuwait and its failure to recognize Kuwait’s independence. After a short period, Japan announced its recognition of the State of Kuwait and exchanged ambassadors with it.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Abdullah Yousef Al-Ghunaim, Kuwait’s Road to Independence (Official Reports and Minutes), Kuwaiti Research and Studies Center, Kuwait, 2020.
- Arabian Gulf Digital Archive, Kuwaiti Independence, FO1016/715, 1959, p. 147.
- A Dusty Vigil in Kuwait, LIFE, 14 July 1961.
- Abdul Aziz Al-Rashid, History of Kuwait, Al-Hayat Library House, Beirut, 1978.
- Abdul Rahman Al-Bazzaz, Iraq from Occupation to Independence, 3rd edition, Al-Ani Press, Baghdad, 1967.
- Abdul Redha Ali Asiri, Kuwait in Contemporary International Politics, 2nd edition, Kuwait, 1992.
- Abdullah Yacoub Bishara, Kuwait’s Diplomatic Wars (1961-1963), 2nd edition, Kuwait Research and Studies Center, Kuwait, 2019.
- Abdullah Yousef Al-Ghunaim, Kuwait News (Letters of Ali bin Ghuloum Reda, British News Agent in Kuwait 1899-1904), Kuwaiti Research and Studies Center, 1997.
- Ahmed Mustafa Abu Hakimah, Modern History of Kuwait (1750-1965), That Al-Sasil Press, 1984.
- Ali Saddam Sahn, The Iraqi-British conflict over the Kuwait region 1921-1958, Master’s thesis (unpublished), Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Education, 1994.
- Al-Qabas newspaper, issue (12840), February 26, 2009.
- Al-Qabas newspaper, Kuwait’s independence, the will of a people to reject the restrictions of the Protection Treaty, issue (354), June 19, 2006.
- Arabian Boundary: Primary Documentes,1853-1957, Edited by Richard Schofield and Gerald Blak,Vol.8, Kuwait-Iraq II,1960, Brief For Secretuy of State, Development of Umm Qasr, In 1955.
- Habib Al-Rahman, The Kuwait Liberation War, Its Roots and Components, 2nd edition, Publications Company for Publishing and Distribution, Beirut, 2001.
- Hassan Suleiman Mahmoud, Kuwait, Its Past and Present, National Library, Baghdad, 1968.
- Helene von Bismarck, The Kuwait Crisis of 1961 and its Consequences for Great Britain's Persian Gulf Policy, British Scholar, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 96-75, September,2009.
- Iyad Nazim Jassim, Raghad Basil Wasmi, “The Role of Political Agents and Residents in Kuwait 1904-1943,” Anbar University Journal for the Humanities, Issue (3), Volume (1), September 2022.
- Jamal Zakaria Qasim and others, Kuwait, Existence and Limits, 3rd edition, Kuwait Research and Studies Center, Kuwait, 1997.
- James Onley, Britain and the Gulf Shaikhdoms (1820-1971) : The Politics of Protection, Cirs center for international and regional studies, Georgetown University,2009.
- Khaled Al-Sargany, The Crisis between Iraq and Kuwait, Al-Sassah International Magazine, Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, Cairo, Issue (102), October 1999.
- Mufid Al-Zaidi, Kuwait (1896-2018), Political Developments and the Democratic Experience, Al-Maaref Forum, Beirut, 2019.
- Muhammad Al-Salman, English Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, Archiveo Magazine, Ural Center for Studies and Documentation, Issue (11).
- Muhammad Hamouz Lafta Al-Ghanimi, The British Agency in Kuwait (1899-1961), Dar Adnan for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Baghdad, 2021.
- Muhammad Nayef Awad Al-Anzi: The History of Political Relations between Kuwait and Iraq in the Period 1960-1973, Kuwaiti Research and Studies Center, Kuwait, 2001.
- Muhammad Saeed Dashti, Anemone in the History of the Gulf, Kuwait, Iran, the Emirates, the Arabian Peninsula and Oman, Dar Al-Mahabah, Damascus, 2005.
- Qadri Qalaji, The Arabian Gulf, Sea of Legends, 2nd edition, Publications Company for Distribution and Publishing, Beirut, 1992.
- Raytham Saeed Khalil, Edward Heath and his role in British politics until 1974, Master’s thesis (unpublished), University of Baghdad, Ibn Rushd College of Education for the Humanities, 2023.
- Salim Taha Al-Tikriti, The Conflict over the Arabian Gulf, Ministry of Culture and Guidance, Baghdad, 1966.
- Simon C. Smith, Kuwait during the Era of Abdullah Al-Salem (1950-1965), Britain, Al-Sabah, and Oil, translated by: Badr Nasser Al-Hatita Al-Mutairi, Jusoor for Translation and Publishing, Beirut, 2018.
- Thamer Yousef Issa, The border dispute between Iraq and Kuwait and its local, Arab, regional and international effects (1930-1990), doctoral thesis (unpublished), Damascus University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, 2009.
- Walid Hamdi Al-Azami, Kuwait in British Documents 1752-1960, Riyad Al-Rayes Books and Publishing, London, 1991.