Errors Made by Iraqi EFL Learners in the Use of Articles : An Error Analysis Study
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The current study seeks to identify the article errors for both first and third year students in conversations. To achieve this the aim, interview and spot the differences tasks are used as a source for data collection. The study targeted 60 samples in the Department of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Mosul, for the academic year 2021-2022. Participants are chosen randomly from the students. As for data analysis, errors are described according to Corder's (1973) classification viz omission, addition, misordering, and selection. The current study demonstrated that learners of English as a foreign language face some difficulties in using articles in conversations. Regarding the description of errors, first year students made 65% of the errors related to the omission category, while 31% of the errors were related to addition category. Errors related to selection category occupy only 4% of article errors. As far as third year students, it has been noticed that 60% of article errors related to omission category , it represents the highest percentage among other categories. Errors associated with addition category have the percentage of 38% , while 2% of these errors are represented by choosing inappropriate items. No errors have been noticed for two levels at the level of article ordering. Regarding sources of errors, both interlanguage and intralanguage were seen as sources of article errors.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Alahmed, K. I. (2017). Developing Strategic Competence through Task Based Language Teaching: A Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Instruction. (unpublished doctoral dissertation)University of York, UK.
Beattie, G. (1983). Talk: An Analysis of Speech and Non-Verbal Behaviour in Conversation. Open University Press. Retrieved April 1, 2021, from http://www.geoffbeattie.com/books/talk-an-analysis-of-speech- and-non-verbal-behaviour-in-conversation/
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G. & Conrad, S. (1999). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Pearson Education Limited.
Brown, H. D. (1987). Principle of Language Learning and Teaching. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
Buescher, K. & Strauss, S. (2015). A cognitive linguistic analysis of French prepositions à, dans, and en and a sociocultural theoretical approach to teaching them. In Masuda, K., Arnett, C., & Labarca, A. (Eds). Cognitive Linguistics and sociocultural theory: Applications for second and foreign language teaching. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. p. 155-181
Corder, S. P. (1967). The significance of learners' errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 5, (1-4), 160-170. doi:10.1515/iral.1967.5.1-4.161
(1973). Introducing Applied Linguistics. Baltimore: Penguin
. (1981). Error analysis and interlanguage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Crystal, D. (1985). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics (4th Ed.).
Oxford: Blackwell.
Cunningworth, A. (1987). Evaluation and Selecting EFL Materials. London: Heinemann Education Book.
Dulay, H., Burt, M., & Krashen, S.D. (1982). Language two. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ellis, R., & Barkhuizen, G. (2005). Analyzing learner language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gass, S. & Selinker, L. (2008). Second language acquisition : An Introductory Course. New York: Routledge
. (1994). Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course.
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Goh, C. M. & Burns, A. (2012). Teaching Speaking: A Holistic Approach.
Cambridge: University Press.
Griffiths, C., & Soruç, A. (2019). Contextual differences regarding students‟ perceptions of English as a lingua franca according to subject major and nationality. The Journal of Language Learning and Teaching, 9(1), 53-69.
Hand H (2003) The mentor's tale: a reflexive account of semi-structured interviews. Nurse Researcher. 10(3) 15-27.
Hassan, M. & Sawalmeh, M. (2013). Error Analysis of Written English Essays: The case of Students of the Preparatory Year Program in Saudi Arabia. English for Specific Purposes World, 14(40).
Holloway I, Wheeler S (2010) Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare. ) 3rd ed.( .Oxford Wiley-Blackwell
James, C (1980). Contrastive analysis. London: Longman.
James, C (2008). “Cross-linguistic Awareness: A New Role for Contrastive Analysis”. Linguine
James, C. (1998). Errors in Language Learning and Use. London: Longman.
Laughran, S. (March 19, 2018). Integrating grammar and conversation. World of Better Learning | Cambridge University Press. Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2018/03/19/integrating- grammar-conversation/
Michael, F. (1980). Modern English. The United States.
Miko, A. J. (2018). Analysis of Students Grammatical Errors in Writing.
(Master‟s thesis). UIN State Islamic University, Aceh, Indonesia.
Norrish, J. (1983). Language learners and their errors. London: Macmillan Press.
Richards, J.C. (1971). “A non-contrastive approach to error analysis”.
English Language Teaching Journal, 25: 204-19.
Richards, J.C. (1974). Error Analysis: Perspective on Second Language Acquisition. London: Longman.
Richards, J., Platt, J., & Weber, H. (1985). Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics. England : Longman.
Zumbrum D. C. (2006) Effective Communication Skills for Security Personal. CPO (cand.)