Atabaki Erbil in Public History Books (539-630H / 1144-1232A.D)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Atabeg is made up of two syllables, “Ata Bek,” meaning the father of the prince or the father of the prince (the educator of the prince). Where the Seljuk sultans used to send their children to manage the regions when they were young, so it was necessary to appoint agents for them to carry out the tasks of the educator on the one hand and manage the regions on the other hand. Atabekia, and this is what we will notice in the Atabekia of Arbil
The Atabeg of Arbil, or what is known as the Atabeg of Bactkin, the founder of this atabeg was Zain al-Din Ali Kujak ibn Bactakin. This person was one of the leaders of Imad al-Din Zangi, especially since he sent him to the city of Mosul to be his representative in his administration, but things changed after the death of Imad al-Din, as the matter of Zain al-Din became stronger And he took control of the reins of power, so he controlled Sinjar, Harran, Tikrit, and Arbil, the subject of our research, as he made Arbil the center of his rule.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Ibn Al-Atheer, Izz al-Din Ali bin Muhammad (630 AH / 1232 AD):
- The Brilliant History of the Atabeg State in Mosul, investigation: Abdul Qadir Tulaimat (Cairo, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Haditha, 1963).
- Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, reviewed and corrected by: Muhammad Yusuf al-Daqqaq, 5th edition (Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2010).
Al-Husseini, Abu Al-Hassan Ali bin Abu Al-Fawaris (d. 575 AH / 1179 AD):
- News of the Seljuk State, investigation: Abbas Iqbal, (Lahore, Punjab College Press, 1933 AD)
Ibn Khalkan, Abu al-Abbas Shams al-Din Ahmad bin Abi Bakr (d. 681 AH / 1282 CE):
- Deaths of notables and news of time, investigation: Ihsan Abbas (Beirut, Dar Al-Thaqafa, 1977-1981)
Abu Shamah, Shihab al-Din Abd al-Rahman bin Ismail al-Dimashqi (d. 665 AH / 1266 CE):
-The Book of Al-Rawdatain fi Akhbar al-Dawla al-Nuriyyah and al-Salahiyyah, investigation: Ibrahim al-Zaybak, (Beirut, Al-Risala Foundation, 1418 AH / 1997 AD).
Al Dhaheri, Ghars al-Din Khalil bin Shaheen (d. 831 AH / 1428 CE):
-Butter revealing the kingdoms and explaining the ways and paths, which he took care of correcting: Paul Rawis, (Paris, Al-Jumhuriya Press, 1893).
Ibn Al-Adim, Kamal Al-Din Omar Bin Hibatullah (d. 660 AH / 1261 AD):
-Butter of Aleppo in the History of Aleppo, edited and footnotes: Khalil Al-Mansour, (Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 1996).
Al-Azimi, Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad (930 AH / 1523 AD):
-The History of Al-Azimi, investigation: Ali Swaim, (Ankara, Turkish Historical Society, 1988).
Al-Isfahani, Imad al-Din Muhammad bin Muhammad bin al-Mufaddal (597 AH / 1201 AD):
-The History of the Seljuk Dynasty, read by Yahya Murad, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah (Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 2004).
Al-Omari, Ahmed bin Yahya bin Fadlallah (d. 749 AH / 1348 AD):
- Paths of sight in the kingdoms of Al-Amsar, investigation, Hamza Ahmed Abbas, (Abu Dhabi, The Cultural Foundation, 2005).
Al-Qarmani, Ahmad bin Yusuf (d. 1019 AH / 1611 AD):
- Akhbar al-Dawla wa Athar al-Awwal fi al-Tarikh, investigation: Ahmed Hoteit and Fahmy Saad, (Beirut, World of Books, 1992)
Ibn al-Qalanisi, Abu Ali Hamza bin Asad (d. 555 AH / 1160 AD):
- An appendix to the history of Damascus, (Beirut, Jesuit Fathers Press, 1908).
Al-Qalqashandi, Abu Al-Abbas Ahmed bin Ali (d. 821 AH / 1413 AD):
- Subh Al-Asha fi Sinaat Al-Insha, explained and commented on by: Muhammad Hussein Shams Al-Din, (Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 1987).
Al-Masoudi, Abu Al-Hasan bin Ali (d. 346 AH / 957 AD):
- Promoter of Gold and Minerals of Essence, who took care of it and reviewed it: Kamal Hassan Merhi, (Lebanon, Al-Mataba' Al-Asriya, 2008).
Miskaweh, Abu Ali Ahmed bin Muhammad (d. 421 AH / 1030 AD):
- Refining morals, investigation: Constantine Zureik, (Beirut, American University Press, 1966).
- The Experiences of Nations and the Succession of Determination, published in Amdrooz, Al-Tamdun Press, Cairo, 1915 AD.
Ibn Abi al-Hayja’ al-Arbali, Uzz al-Din Muhammad ibn Abi al-Hayja’ al-Habdani al-Arbali (700 AH / 133 CE):
- The History of Ibn Abi Al-Hayja’, printed with the History of Al-Qudha’i (454 AH / 1062 AD), investigation: Farid Ahmed Al-Mazydi, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiya, Beirut, 2004 AD.
Ibn Wasel, Jamal al-Din Muhammad (d. 697 AH / 1297 AD):
- Mufarrej Al-Karub fi Akhbar Bani Ayoub, investigation: Jamal Al-Din Al-Shayal, Part One, (Egypt, Dar Al-Thaqafa and Al-Irshad, 1953). The second part: (Cairo, the Amiri Press, 1957), the fifth part: investigation: Hassanein Muhammad Rabie, (Cairo, Dar al-Kutub, 1977).
Yaqut al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din Abu Abdullah (d. 626 AH / 1228 CE):
- Lexicon of Writers, (Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr, 1980 AD).
- The Dictionary of Countries, 2nd edition, (Beirut, Dar Sader, 2010).
- Mu'jam Al-Buldan, 3rd edition, Dar Sader, Beirut, 2007.
Second: Arabic references:
Amin, Hussein:
- A History of Iraq in the Seljuk Era, (Baghdad, Al-Irshad Press, 1965 AD).
Arshid Yousef Rashid Humaidan:
- The Seljuks of the Levant and the Island, Amman, 1988 AD
Khalil, Imad Eddin:
- Imad Al-Din Zangi, (Beirut, Al-Risala Foundation, 1972).
Hussain, Mohsen Muhammad:
Erbil in the Atabeg era, (Erbil, Office of Interpretation, 2014).
Hamed Zayan Ghanem Zayan:
- The political and military conflict between the Islamic forces at the time of the Crusades, Dar Al Thaqafa for publication and distribution, Cairo, 1983.
Hassan, Hassan Ibrahim:
- History of Islam, (Cairo, Egyptian Renaissance Library, 1996).
Damen, Mohammed:
- From the history of Aleppo, the rule of Qasim al-Dawla Aq Sunqur (479-487 AH / 1086-1094 AD), Historical Studies Journal, Issues (29 and 30, March-June), the ninth year, (Damascus, 1988 AD).
Ibn Khordadbeh, Obaidullah bin Abdullah (d. 300 AH / 912 AD)
- Tracts and kingdoms, (printed with him a summary of the book “Al-Kharaj and the Craft of Writing”), Religious Culture Library, Port Said, (Dr. T).
Ibn al-Jawzi, Abd al-Rahman bin Ali bin Muhammad (d. 597 AH / 1200 AD)
- Regular in the History of Nations and Kings, investigation and presentation by: Suhail Zakkar, Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, 1995 AD.
Al-Dawadari, Abu Bakr bin Abdullah bin Aibak (d. 736 AH / 1335 AD)
- The treasure of pearls and the collector of deception.
Al-Rawandi, Muhammad bin Ali bin Suleiman (d. 603 AH / 1206 AD)
- Rahat al-Sudur and Ayat al-Surur in the History of the Seljuk State, translated by: Ibrahim Amin al-Shawarbi, Abdel Naeem Muhammad Hassanein, Fouad Abdel Muti al-Sayyad, Supreme Council of Culture, Cairo, 2005 AD.
Kurdizi, Abu Saeed Abd al-Hay bin Dahhak (d. 440 AH / 1048 CE)
- Mozayen Al-Akhbar, translated by: Muhammad Bin Tawit, Fez, 1973 AD.
Ibn al-Mustawfi, Sharaf al-Din Abu al-Barakat al-Mubarak bin Ahmad al-Lakhmi al-Arbali (d. 637 AH / 1239 CE)
- The History of Erbil (The Ingenuity of the Inactive Country, with the Examples It Referenced), Investigation and Commentary: Sami Al-Sayyid Khamas Al-Saffar, Dar Al-Rasheed, Publications of the Ministry of Culture and Information, Baghdad, 1980 AD.
Al-Narshakhi, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Jaafar (d. 348 AH / 959 CE)
- The History of Bukhara, translation and verification: Amin Abd al-Majid Badawi, Nasrallah Mubashir al-Tarazi, Dar al-Ma’arif, Egypt, Cairo, 1956 AD.
Ahmed Abdel Aziz Mahmoud:
- The Kurdish Habzanian Emirate in Azerbaijan, Erbil, and the Euphrates Island (293-656 AH / 905-1258 AD), Office of Interpretation for Publishing and Advertising, 2nd edition, Ministry of Education Press, Erbil, 2006 AD.
Abdel Moneim Mohamed Hassanein:
- Iran and Iraq in the Seljuk era, the Lebanese Book House, Beirut, 1