The Glorious Qur'an

First: The sources

- Ibn Al-Atheer, Abu Al-Hasan Ezz Al-Din Ali Bin Muhammad Al-Jazari (d. 630 AH / 1232 AD),asad alghabat fi maerifat alsahabati, investigated by: Ali Muhammad Moawad and Adel Ahmed Abdel-Mawgod, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, (Beirut, 1994).

- Al-Azdi, Abu Dawood Suleiman bin Al-Ash’ath bin Ishaq bin Bashir bin Shaddad bin Amr (T.: 275 AH/888 AD), Sunan Abi Dawood, investigative: Muhammad Muhyi Al-Din Abdul Hamid, Dar Zikr Al-Fitnah and its Dalaila - Modern Library, (Beirut, d- T).

- Al-Bari, Abdullah Khurshid, The Arab Tribes in Egypt in the First Three Centuries of Hijrah, The Egyptian Book Organization, (Cairo, 1992).

- Ibn Taghri Bardi, Jamal al-Din Abu al-Mahasin (T.: 874 AH / 1469 AD),alnujum alzaahirat fi muluk misr walqahirati, presented by: Muhammad Hussein Shams al-Din, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, (Beirut, 1992 AD).

- Mawrid allatafat min walii alsaltanat walkhilafat achieved by: Nabil Abdel Aziz Ahmed, Egyptian Book House, (Cairo, 1997).

- Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani Abu al-Fadl Ahmed bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Ahmed (died: 852 AH / 1448 AD),aldarar alkaminat fi 'aeyan almiayat althaaminat, investigated by: Muhammad Abd al-Mu`id Dan, Council of the Ottoman Department of Knowledge - Hyderabad, (India, 1972 AD).

- Al-Himyari, Muhammad bin Abdul-Moneim, (T.: 900 AH / 1494 AD) Al-Rawd Al-Maatar fi Khair Al-Aqtar, investigative: Ihsan Abbas, Nasser Foundation for Culture, (Beirut, 1980 AD).

- Ibn Khalkan, Shams al-Din Ahmed bin Muhammad, (T.: 681 AH / 1282 AD), ,wafayat alaeian wabna' aniba' alzamaniinvestigation: Ihsan Abbas, Dar Sader, (Beirut, 1994 AD).

- Ibn Duqmaq, Sarim al-Din Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Aydmar al-Ala’i (T.: 809 AH / 1407 AD), ,aliantisar liwasitat eaqd aliamasari , interviewed by his origins and promising for publication: Ayman Fouad al-Sayed, Library of Alexandria, Center for Islamic Civilization Studies, (Egypt, 2021).

_ Al-Dhahabi, Shams Al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad (died 784 A.H/1348 A.D), sir aelam alnubala'i investigation: a group of

Investigators under the supervision of Shuaib Al-Arnaout, Al-Resala Foundation, (Beirut, 1985 AD).

_ Al-Zubaidi, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Razzaq al-Husayni, (died: 1205 AH / 1790 AD), taj alearus min jawahir alqamusa, investigation: a group of investigators, Dar Al-Hedaya, (D-M, D-T).

- Al-Subki, Taj Al-Din Abdul-Wahhab bin Taqi Al-Din Al-Subki (T.: 771 AH / 1369 AD), Tabaqat al-Shafi’i al-Kubra, 2nd Edition.

Investigation: Mahmoud Mohamed El-Tanahi, Abdel-Fattah Mohamed El-Helou, Hajar for printing, (Egypt, 1992).

- Al-Shafi’i, Muwaffaq Al-Din Abu Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman Al-Sheikh (T.: 615 AH / 1218 AD), murshid alzamaar alaa qubur alabirar, the Egyptian Lebanese House, (Cairo, 1994 AD).

- Al-Safadi, Salah Al-Din Khalil Ibn Aybak (T.: 764 AH / 1362 AD),alwafi bialwfyat, Investigated by: Ahmed Al-Arnaout and Turki Mustafa, (Beirut, 2000 AD).

- Abdul Qadir, bin Ahmed bin Mustafa bin Abd al-Rahim bin Muhammad bin Badrat (died: 1346 AH / 1927 AD),munadimat alaitilal wamusayarat alkhayali, investigation: Zuhair al-Shadis, The Islamic Bureau, (Beirut, 1985 AD).

_ Al-Fayrouz Abadi, Majd Al-Din Muhammad bin Yaqoub, (T.: 817 AH / 1414 AD),alqamus almuhiti, , investigated by: Muhammad Naim Al-Arqossi, Al-Resala Publishing Corporation, (Cairo, 2005 AD).

_ Ibn Qutayba, Abdullah bin Muslim, gharib alhadithi, achieved by: Abdullah Al-Jubouri, House of Revival of Islamic Heritage, (Baghdad, 1977).

- Al-Qazwini, Zakaria bin Muhammad bin Mahmoud (T.: 682 AH / 1283 AD),athar albilad wakhbar aleabadi, Dar Sader, (Beirut, 1960 AD).

- Al-Qalqashandi, Ahmed bin Ali (T.: 821 AH / 1418 AD),subh alaeshaa fi sinaeat al'iinsha , explained and commented on by: Muhammad Shams Al-Din, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Masryah, (Cairo, 1992 AD).

- Ibn Katheer, Imad Al-Din Ismail (T.: 774/1372 AD), albidayat walnihayatu, achieved by: Abdullah Al-Mohsin Al-Turki, Dar Alam Al-Kutub, (Riyadh, 2003).

- Al-Nisaburi, Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj Abu Al-Hasan Al-Qushayri (T.: 261 AH/874 AD), Sahih Muslim, investigative by: Muhammad Fouad Abdel-Baqi, Arab Heritage Revival House, (Beirut, d-T).

- Al-Maqdisi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ahmad (died in.: 380 A.H/990 A.D),ahsin altaqasim fi maerifat alaqalim, Dar Sader, (Beirut, 1991).

- Al-Maqrizi, Ahmed bin Ali (T.: 845 AH / 1441 AD),almawaeiz waliaetibar bidhikr alkhutat walathar almaeruf bialkhutat almaqriziat, investigated by: Muhammad Zeinhom and Madiha al-Sharqawi, Madbouly Library, (Cairo 1998 AD).

- Ibn Manzur, Muhammad bin Makram bin Ali Abu Al-Fadl Jamal Al-Din, (T: 711 AH / 1311 AD),lsan alearbi, Dar Sader, (Beirut, 1993 AD).

- Yaqout Al-Hamawi, Shihab Al-Din Yaqout bin Abdullah (died in: 626 A.H/1228 A.D),miejim albildan, Edition 2, Dar Sader, (Beirut, 2007).

References:

- Ahmed, Mahmoud, jamie eamrw bin aleas bialfustat min alnaahiatayn altaarikhiat walathariat, the Amiri Press (Cairo, 1983).

- Al-Basha, Hassan, alqahirati, tarikhuha, fununha, atharuha, Al-Ahram Foundation, (Cairo, 1970).

- Al-Khatib, Mustafa Abdel-Karim,muejam almustalahat walalqab altaarikhiati, Al-Resala , (Beirut, 1996).

- Dahman, Muhammad Ahmad,muejam al'alfaz altaarikhiat fi aleasr almamluki , Dar Al-Fikr Contemporary, (Beirut, 1990).

_ Al-Rafi’i, Abdul Rahman, tarikh alharakat alqawmiat fi misr alqadimat, published by Hendawi Foundation, (United Kingdom, 1963 AD).

- Ramzy, Muhammad,alqamus aljughrafiu lilbilad almisriat min eahd qudama' almisriiyn alaa sunat1945ma, The Egyptian General Book Organization, (Cairo, 1994 AD).

- Al-Zarkali, Khair Al-Din Bin Mahmoud Bin Muhammad Bin Ali,alaelami qamus tarajim li'ashhur alrijal walnisa' min alearab walmustaeribin walmustashriqina, 15th Edition, Dar Al-Ilm for Millions, (Beirut, 2002).

- Salam, Houria Abdo Abdel Majid, alhayaat alaijtimaeiat walaiqtisadiat fi madinat alfustat hataa aleasr alfatimi, a master’s thesis (unpublished), College of Arts, (Cairo University, 1971).

- Samika, Mark, dalil almuthaf alqibtii wahum alkanayis waladirat alathriati, Al-Amiriya Press, (Cairo, 1930 AD).

- Shawqi, Abdullah Abbad, kayf nahay risalat almasjid ,Fahd National Library, (Riyadh, 2011).

- Othman, Muhammad Abdul-Sattar, almadinat aliaslamiatu, The World of Knowledge, (Kuwait, 1988 AD).

- Azab, Khaled,alfustat alnash'at aliazdihar alianhisar , Dar Al Afaq Al Arabiya, (Cairo, 1998).

- Al-Ali, Ahmed Salih, altanzimat alaijtimaeiat walaiqtisadiat fi albasrat, Al-Maaref Press, (Baghdad, 1953).

- Al-Mubarakfuri, Safi Al-Rahman, alrahiq almakhtumu, 21st Edition, Dar Al-Wafaa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution (Cairo, 2010).

_ Mustafa, Shaker, almudun fi alaslam hataa aleasr aleuthmanii , (n. d.), (Kuwait 1988).