The United States Position on the Hostage Crisis in Lebanan1985-1986
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Lebanon was at the center of international regional conflicts, where events were accelerating and became the focus of Syria again after the fall of the tripartite agreement in 1984, and the reaction of the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon after the explosion of a car bomb kidnapped Jeffrey Nash (Jeffrey Nash), and Syria's reaction to President Hafez al-Assad promised the kidnappers people who harmed the Arab cause, did not allow members of the Islamic resistance in Lebanon to enter Syria, and under the circumstances President al-Assad put pressure on the Americans and the French, as he stood with Iran during its negotiations to release the hostages
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
awla: alkutub alearabia
hasan fadal allahi, hizb allah waldawlat fi lubnan alruwyat walmasari, t 3 sharikat almatbueat lilnashr waltawziei, bayrut, 2015.
khalid muhamad ghazi, al'asabie alkhafiat altawzif al'iielamiu alsiyasiu lishakhsiat aljasus, wikalat alsahafat alearabiat nashirun, misr, 2015.
dayfid kimhy, alkhiar al'akhir 1967-1991, maktabat baysan, bayrut 1992.
rubirt fisk, waylat watan siraeat alshrq al'awsat waharb lubnan, t 15, sharikat almatbueat lilnashr waltawziei, bayrut 2005.
riad euad, haz al'asad walsalam fi alshrq al'awsat, dar amyat, dimashq 1997.
shamawyiyl sayujfa, almuthlith al'iiraniu alealaqat alsiriyat al'iisrayiyliat al'iiraniat al'amrikiata, dar almunahil, bayrut, 2016.
earif aleabd, lubnan waltaayif tuqatie tarikhiun wamasar ghyr muktamal, markaz dirasat alwahdat alearabiati, bayrut 2001.
eabd al'ilh bilqziz, hizb allah min altahrir 'iilaa alrade 1982- 2006 markaz dirasat alwahdat alearabiati, bayrut 2006, s 55.
eabdallah bu habayba, aldaw' alasfr: alsiyasat al'amrikiat tujah lubnan, bayrut 1991.
farij bin saeid aleuydi, hurub taqniat almaelumat, dar aleulum alearabiat lilnashr wal'iielam, misr, 2016.
fuad aleashaa, hafiz al'asad qayid warisalatun, da.mi, da.t.
hisham aldajani, al'iidarat al'amrikiat wa'iisrayiylu, manshurat wizarat althaqafat wal'iielam, dimashq 1994.
wilyam kawant, eamaliat alsalam aldiblumasiat al'amrikiat walnizae alearabiu - al'iisrayiyliu mundh 1967 markaz al'ahram liltarjamat walnashr waltawziei, alqahrt 1994.
thania: alrasayil wal'atarih aljamieia
thayir sahib shundil alhusayni, almawqif alduwaliu min alharb aleiraqiat - al'iiraniat 1980 -1988, risalat majstir (ghyr mnshwr) kuliyat altarbiat binati, jamieat alkufi, 2014.
ruaa wahid eabdalhsin alsiediu, eabdalhilim khaddam wadawruh alsiyasii fi suria (1932- 1989), risalat majstayr (ghyr mnshwr) kuliyat altarbiat lileulum al'iinsaniati, jamieat dhi qari, 2017.
sahaa muhamad eisaa siamu, almarjie aldiynii muhamad husayn fadal allah wamawqifah min qadaya aleaqidati, risalat majstir (ghyr mnshwr) kuliyat 'usul aldiyn, aljamieat al'iislamiat -ghzat, 2015.
huazin sulayman mayrkhan, alealaqat al'iiraniat -alsawariat 1979 -1989, 'atrawhat dukturah (ghir mnshwrt) kuliyat aladab, jamieat dahawk, 2012 s 202.
thaltha: alkutub al'ajnabia
H.C. Malik, Between Damascus and Jerusalem: Lebanon and Middle East peace, The Washington institute for near East policy, Washington DC.
Kyle Longley and Others, Deconstructing Reagan Conservative Mythology and America's Fortieth President, M.E. Sharpe, New York, 2007.
Marius Deeb, Syria's Terrorist War on Lebanon and the peace process, Palgrave macmillan, New York, 2003..
Rodney P. Carlisle and J. Geoffrey Golson, The Reagan Ear from the Iran crisis to Kosovo, ABC- CLIO, Oxford, 2008.
The New Encyclopedia Britannica, Chicago, 2011..
The New Encyclopedia Britannica,Chicago,2011..
The New York Times, No 46.939, 2 Aug 1986.
The White House, The Daily Diary of President Ronald Reagan, Washington D.C., 8 Jan, 1985.
The White House, The Daily Diary of President Ronald Reagan, Washington D.C., 30 Dec, 1985.
rabiea: almajallat
saed nasif jasim , alhizb altaqadumiu alaishtirak fi lubnan wamawqifah min aitifaq alttayif 1989 , majalat kuliyat altarbiati-aljamieat almustansariat , aleadad alrrabie , 2015.
eabdallah jundl , alealaqat alerbyt-al'amrikiat baed alharb alealamiat alththaniat , majalat maelumat dualiat , aleadad (67) , dimashq , 2001.
khamsa: shabakat almaelumat alduwalia (alantrnt)
www.fdd.org 12/7/2019
www.masress.com 12/7/2019
www.wikipedia.com 11/7/2019