The method of negotiation and its relation to the flexibility of thinking among university students
Main Article Content
Abstract
The current research has targeted the following:
1: Measuring the method of negotiation among university students.
2: Measuring the method of negotiation according to the variable sex (male - female).
3: Measurement of flexible thinking among university students.
4: Measurement of flexible thinking according to the variable sex (male - female).
5: Finding the relationship between the method of negotiation flexibility of thinking among university students. The study sample consisted of (200) students who were selected by the random stratified method. In order to achieve the objectives of the present research, the scale of the negotiation method was built and the scale of the swatch was adopted. After the application of the two measures, the results showed that the students have a good negotiation method, Male and female. The results showed that there is a high correlation between the effective negotiation method and the flexibility of thinking. In the light of the results, the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions.
Metrics
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
-1-'iibrahim , majdi eaziz (2006): altafkir litatwir al'iibdae watanmiat aldhika' sinariuhat tarbawiat maftuhat , ealam alkutub , alqahirat.
-2-abw jadw , salih , nuafil muhamad (2007): taelim altafkir alnazariat waltatbiq , dar almasirat lilnashr waltawzie waltibaeat ,
-3-al murshid , muhamad (2012): altafkir almarn walbaed alkhamis tadwinat alaiqtisadiat alalkutruniat.
- al'imam , mustafaa mahmud aleajili , sabah , eabd alrahmin , 'anwar husayn , (1990): alqias waltaqwim , jamieat baghdad , matabie dar alhikmat liltabaeat walnashr.
-5-aljalad , eala ahmud. (2014): altafkir almarn waealaqatuh bialdaafie almaerifii ladaa tlbt aljamieat , kuliyat aladab , jamieat baghdad , risalat majstayr ghyr manshurat.
-6-aldusari , nasir eabd allah (2003): ealaqat aljumud alfikrii biainmat altaelim waltafkir fi tullab watalibat almarhalat alththanawiat bialmadinat , risalat majstyr ghyr manshurat , jamieat 'am alquraa , maka.
-alttahir , mahdiun bin 'ahmad (1429 h): 'atharat tatbiq nizam aljawdat altaelimiat fi tatwir qudratihim fi alsafi al'awal fi madinat syhat bialmintaqat alsharqiat , kuliyat aldirasat aleulya , manshuratan jamieatan 'am alquraa , kuliyat altarbiat , makat.
- aleatuwm , eadnan , aljirah , eabdalnasir , bisharat , muafaq (2009): tanmiat maharat altafkir , namadhij nazariatan watatbiqat eamaliat , dar almasirat lilnashr waltawzie waltibaeat , t 2 , eamman , al'urdunn.
-aleisaf , eabd aljulyl , (1995): alaikhtibarat walmaqayis alnafsiat , jamieat baghdad , almawsil , wizarat altaelim aleali walbahth aleilmi.
-aleamri, habs (2006) .aldaafeiata, al'ahliat lilnashr waltawzieu, eumaanu, al'urdunn.
-alghamdy , farid bin eali. (2009): madaa mumarasat muealam altarbiat al'iislamiat bialmarhalat alththanawiat limaharat tanmiat altafkir alaibtikarii , kuliyat altarbiat , jamieatan 'am alquraa , majalat 'am alquraa lileulum altarbawiat walnafsiat , almujalid (1) , aleadad (1).
-alfaewry , 'ayuhum eali. (2010): dirasatan 'asalib altafkir fi allughat al'iinjliziat mae dhwyi alaihtiajat alkhasat fi madat alriyadiati- dirasat maydaniat ealaa tlbt alsafi alththamin fi madaris muhafazat alqnytrt , risalat majstayr fi altarbiat alkhasat , kuliyat altarbiat , jamieat dimashq.
-alkibisi , wahiab majid (1995): aldughut alnafsiat ladaa tlbt aljamieat waealaqatiha fi almutaghayirat , baghdad , aljameiat aleiraqiat lileulum altarbawiat walnafsiat.
-almubarak, smyt , (2009): 'uslub aldirjamatiat ladaa altullab aljamieiiyn , miajstir fi eilm alnafs almaerifii , kuliyat aladab waleulum alnisaniat , jamieat alhaj likhadara-batinh , aljumhuriat aljazayiriat aldiymuqratiat alshaebiatu.
-almushrfy , ainshirah 'iibrahim (2003): faeiliat barnamaj muqtarah litanmiat maharat allughat al'iinjliziat fi alttalibat , almuealamat bikalia (ryad al'atfal , aitruhat dukturah ghyr manshurat , kuliyat riad , jamieat alaskndry.
-almuflah , eabd allh. (2008): dawrat maharat altafkir almurahaf , albarnamaj altadribiu alssadis eashar , mashrue abn baz alkhayrii liltarath walthaqafati.
-17 barakat , zayid (2009): aljumud aldhahaniu waealaqatuh bialqudrat ealaa hali almushkilat waltahsil aldirasii waljunus ladaa tlbt almarhalatayn al'asasiat walththanawiat , jamieat alquds almaftuhat , mintaqat tulkarm altaelimia ..
-18-jarwan , fahmi eabd alrhmun. (1999) taelim altafkir mafahim watatbiqat , dar alkitab aljamieiu , al'iimarat alearabiat almutahidatu.
-19 jalal , 'ahmad fahami (2007): maharat altafawud , mashrue alturuq almuadiyat 'iilaa altaealum aleali , markaz tatwir aldirasat aleulya walbihawth , kuliyat alhindasat , jamieat alqahirat , misr.
-20-hiban , aintisar bnt salim hasan (2006): alealaqat bayn alaintima' waltafkir alabdaeii (alabtkari) ladaa almawhubat dhuaat altafkir alaibdaeii (alaibtikari) min almurahaqat (me barnamaj maftuh lirafe darajat alaintima' ladayhina) , bahath muqadim albarnamaj aleilmii al'iiqlimii lilmawhibat , kuliyat altarbiat lilabanat bijdata, alsaeudiat.
-21-hamd , nur riad hadi (2011): aleadat aleaqliat waealaqatuha bialtakhayul ladaa tlbt aljamieat , risalat majstyr ghyr manshurat , kalitialadab , jamieat baghdad.
-22-khuzael , samiat , hasan (1998): altasalub -alimurunat waealaqatuh bialqalaq aleasabii , risalat majstyr ghyr manshurat , kuliyat aladab , jamieat baghdad.
-23-darat , eabd albari (1987): tahdid mafhum altafawud , aitihad jameiat altanmiat al'iidariat , alqahirat.
-24-dybwnw , 'adwar (1997): altafkir al'iibdaeia , tarjimata: khalil aljubuws , murajaeat muhamad eubdallh albabali , 'abu zabi , al'iimarat alearabiat almutahidatu.
-25-ridwan , wasam saeid (2004): alddafie almaerifiu walbiyat alsifiyat waealaqatuha bialtafkir alaibtikarii ladaa tullab alsafi alrrabie , risalat majstyr ghyr manshurat , kuliyat altarbiat , jamieat al'azhar , ghazat.
-26-zayad , 'ahmad (2006): sayakulujiat alealaqat bayn aljamaeat , sharikat matabie almajmueat alduwaliat , alkuayt.
-27-styrnbrk , rubirt (2004): 'asalib altafkir , tarjamatan , eadil saed yusif , maktabat alnahdat almisriat , alqahrt , t 1 , eamman , al'urdunn.
-28-sibha , khalid (2003): 'iistratijiat 'iidarat alwikalat , alddayirat alsiyasiat , eamana.t 1 , eamman , al'urdunn.
-29-tashwir , eabd alhafiz (2003): durus fi miqyas qanun altafawud , qanun al'aemal , jamieat altakwin almutawasil , nabulus , filastin.
-30-eubd alkhaliq , 'ahmad muhamad (1976): eilm alnafs aleami , maktabat alainjilu almisriat , alqahirat.
-31-eubd alrahminu , sulayman (1998): alqias waltaqwim fi altadrisiat aleilmiat , al'urdun , arbad , t (3).
-32-eibd aleaziz , saeid (2009): taelim altafkir wamuharatih , tadribat watatbiqat eilmiat , dar althaqafat lilnashr waltawzie al'urdunn.
-33--eithaman , faruq alsyd , (1998): sayakulujiat altafawud wa'iidarat al'azamat munsha'atan almaearif, alaskndry.
-ez aldiyn , fawduh , (1992) muqadimatan fi alqanun alduwalii aleami , alqahrt dar alnahdat alearabiat , altibeat althaaniat.
- fakhar , 'ahmad (2005): altafawud , silsilat mafahim al'usus aleilmiat lilmuerifat , almarkaz alduwaliu lildirasat almustaqbaliat wal'iistratijiat , misr.
-35-qdry , hanafi (2001): hawl saykulujiat altafawud , almajalat almisriat lildirasat alnafsiat , almujlid alhadii eshr , aleadad alththani waeunun.
- muhamad , sulayman khadir , (1993): altafkir almarn tariqat altarbiat , dar alnahdat alearabiat liltabaeat walnashr , alqahirat.
- muhamad , eabd alsitar (1973): albina' almaerifiu walmadmun alaydiulujy altasaltiatu, almajalat alaijtimaeiat alqawmiatu, aleadad (1), alqahirat.
- mahmud , salah aldiyn earifuh (2006): tafkir bila hudud mueasirat fi taelim altafkir watuealimah , jamieat hulwan , kuliyat altarbiat / ealam (aliktb) alqahirat.
-39-marhun , shahid subih. (2012): altafawud waealaqatuh bialtafkir altaamilii ladaa tlbt aljamieat , kuliyat altarbiat / jamieat baghdad , risalat majstayr ghyr manshurat.
- wilyam , arwaa (2001): fin altafawud , tarjamat nayfin eizab , aldaar alduwaliat lilnashr waltawzie.
- hayr , jun (2011): maharat altawasul bayn al'afrad fi aleamal , tarjamat marwan tahir alzaebii , t 1 , dar almasirat lilnashr , eamman , al'urdunn.
المصادر الاجنبية
Anastasi .a(1976) :Rychelogicad Testing(4th edAndsociad Psychology.
Ahmed.Fahmy gala negotiation Skills centeaFor advance ment of ostgraduate studies-
Research .Faculty of engineering .oairauniva Cairo .(2005).
Barry .M fumier .C Wankleef .H(2004) confide speaker .MC graWhill books. –
Barlow .d(1983) organization theory and Manage ment .Wiley and sons .ince.u.s.a. –
Byre .K.B(1987) .Practical Strategies for the teaching united Striates 19. –
Butt.A.ChoinJeager .A(2005): the effects of self emotion and counterpart behaver-
On negotiator.
Carnevale, P. J. & Pruitt, D. G. (1992): Negotiation and mediation Annual review of psychology, 43- 531- 583.
ChurchMan .D(1993): Negotiation tactics.Maryland university of America. –
Crane Vale .J.andPrutt.D.(1992) negotiation Social ConFlict (Eds) Buckingham .uk:open-
University Press. –
Crane val .J.isen.a.m(1986):the in Fluence of Postive effect and visual access on the -
Discovery.
-Crane val .J .and Pruitt.D.(1992) negotiation in sociad conflict (Eds) Buckingham.uk: -
Open university press.
- Donald .d.s.Parks(1982) the dynamics of effective negotiation .gulf publishing. –
- Edel man .M.(1974) political language : Words succeed and Politics that Fattacadm-
Press:N.Y.
- Edelman .M.(1985) Political language .Politreality p.sEds university of Colorado -
Bouider .Posted Education vol:no.1.
- Forgas .J.P(1998) : on Feeling good and getting your Way :mood effects.journal of -
Personality.
-Gavin.kennedy .every thing is negotiable.arrow book limited.(1987). –
-Graham .hohon .t(1983) negotiations abrood don’t shoot from the hip .Harvard busine-
Review .61.july.
-Haslam .S.A(2001) Psychology in organization the Social identity approach .lande-
Thousand oakes new Delhl .SAGE Publicat.
- Herbig .t(1992) human group and Social caregories .combrige university press.London.-
- Ikle .F.how nations negotiate .Intite For Diflomacy.Gearage town university wash -
Ton D.c.(1988).
- Kramer .r.8 carnevale J(2003) trust a intergroup negotiation .in .r.brow 85 –
Gaerther .Black Well.
- Larrik.r. and blount.s .(1995) Social contin tact bargaining games .in.Kramer-
And messick (eds) negotiation as asocial process .Thousand oaks.ca: sage.
- Miller .gen mat the and mandler.geoge Thinking From association to gestalt .neyork.-
- Marshall.c.(1972); essentials of testing .California Addison. –
- Mccall.g.j. simmons .j.L(1966).Identites and interaction .new yourk Free press. -
- Mcgarty .C.(1999) the cateaorgorizgtion process in social psychology lopdon:(SAG.-
Milburn .(2005) bargaining For advantage .newyuork .ny:penguin books.
- Motley, I. E. (1997): Negotiating and Bargaining, in O. D. W. Hargie (ed) The Handbook of communiation skills (2nd eds), London: Rourledge. –
- Mullin .M(2011) :How to build Flexible thinking Skills. –
- Munn.N.(2005): Introduction to psycholochy .the university of Adelaide Houghton -
Mifflin company .Boston.
- Passig .D.Eden .S.(2000): Imprving the Flexible thinking in Deaf and Hard heaving -
Children With virtual Rea technology .bar Ilan university Israe.
- Nelswon .A.(2001) Self categorization and Subjective uncertain versolution: -
Cognitive and Motivational Facets of social identity and group members.
- Nierenberg .Gerard .(1973) Fundamentals anegotiation Harper and row –
Publishers new York.
- Otsubo .mayumal (1986) guide to Japanese business practice. Califrnia manage men –
Review . no3.spring.
- Perdue.C.W.(1990) :Social categorization and the prcess of inter group jour of -
Persona lity and social psych.
- Prawat .g.(2000) :to word actical the oretic perspective in information systems -
Library quarterly .72(4).
- Raiffa .(2008) .calbal negotiation the new rules .palgravaemacmillan:new York. –
Herbig .J.pat el(1999) :croupepouvioncommunrcation press university quebec.
- Ruble, T. & Thomas, K. (1976): Support for a two, Dimensional Model of conflict behavior organization. Behavior and Human performance, 16.145.
- Robert. E(2000): mindtechossociates effect of stress psychology today.aprilmedline-
Record .English.
- Roy.(1999) the culture cod .newyork .broa way book. –
- Royce (1973) Coffin .the negotiation :amanu for winners (n.y:American-
Management association).
- Scatt, W. P. (1984): The skills of negotialing Aldershot: Gowez.
- Snyedr .prisoners Diesing .conflict amananations .princeton university press -
Njersey (1971).
- Tal .C.(2011) :Resiliense Tip –Flexible think
- TrasyBetterini W Bransteincohen (2011) Flexible Thinking -
- Tommy T(2008):identity negotiation prmWWWenwikipedia /identity -
Negotiation /htm
- Tommy (1993) communication recur ceful an identity negotiation perspective-
In r wiseman and j koestre (eds) inter cultural communication comperter (pp
New bury park ca :sa `
- Classary of negotiation (2008) From www Negotiation org -
- Cohen K (2009) :5 steps to flexible thinking
- WWWAmazon` com/negotiation theary of ecearch frontiers –psychology /dp/ -
- Wagman R(1991) :Astudy of self conce at Attribution MossertionAbstracte-
International vol 50(2)
- Vernon A (2006):Beliefs and Behavior Activity from yhinking Feeling Behavira An -
Emotional Education curriculm for Adolescente (Grades 7-12)(Rev-ed)
- WWW habits of Mind-org/content /thinking-Flexibly
- Fisher T(2003): thinking Toxonomyadvas Studies
- Freed man L (1978) :social psychology new J ersey prentice-Hall 2 nded-
- Flavell –J(1979) :Meatcognitive and cognitive Monitioning A new area of -
Cognitive develop mented inquiry American psychologist
- Sternberg R (1988): Mental self –Government A theory of intollectional styles -
And their Development yate University New Haven conn USA