Present-moment Intentional Awareness according to the Theory of Jon Kabat-Zinn among University Students
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Abstract
This study aims to identify intentional present-moment conscious according to Jon Kabat-Zinn’s theory among students at Kirkuk University and to examine the differences among them based on gender and academic specialization. The sample consisted of 340 third-year students equally distributed according to gender and specialization (scientific and humanities). The researchers developed a scale for measuring intentional present-moment awareness, including three domains: intentionality, present-moment focus, and non-judgmental awareness. After verifying validity and reliability, the final scale included 32 items, with a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.608. Statistical methods such as the t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient are used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that university students possess a good level of intentional present-moment awareness. No statistically significant differences are found according to gender or specialization. The results also emphasizes the role of intentional awareness in enhancing students’ cognitive flexibility and accuracy. The study recommends implementing training programs.
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