Syntactic Deviation in Sargon Boulus's Poetry: Arrival at the City of Where as a Case Study
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Abstract
This research examines the phenomenon of syntactic deviation in Sargon Boulus’s poetry, specifically in his collection Arrival at Which City? (Al-Wusul ila Madinat Ayna), regarding it as one of the stylistic techniques that have endowed poetic texts with broad semantic dimensions and significantly enhanced their literary value. Syntactic deviation is one of the phenomena that reveal language’s capacity to transcend familiar patterns and establish new grammatical and syntactic relationships that confer upon poetic discourse semantic dimensions extending beyond direct expression into profound semantic depths. It also unveils the latent artistic characteristics of literary texts and contributes to the creation of meanings distinguished by expressive density, thereby granting the text a renewed existence grounded in creative configurations encompassing multipl epatterns. The research addresses the phenomenon of deviation as manifested in ellipsis in its various forms, as well as iltifāt (grammatical and stylistic shifts), which occurs in three forms: pronominal shift among the second-person addressee, the first-person speaker, and the third-person referent; temporal shift among the verb tenses of the past, present, and imperative; and stylistic shift between declarative and non-declarative modes. These shifts endow the text with depth and significance and open up horizons of interpretation before the reader, enabling the reader to become an active partner in constructing the text and its meanings.
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