Main Article Content

Abdul-Razzaq Ahmed Yassin Bakr
aa791142ped@st.tu.edu.iq
Ayman Abdullah Ahmed
aa791142ped@st.tu.edu.iq

Abstract

Al-Akbari (d. 616 AH) is considered one of the most famous grammarians of the sixteenth century A.H. He devotes considerable attention to grammar, paying particular attention to inflection. The present paper examines his book, *Al-Lubab fi Ilal al-Bina' wa al-I'rab* (The Essence of the Reasons for Construction and Inflection), focusing specifically on irregularities in poetic grammatical examples. It also employs a descriptive analytical approach to these examples, comparing them with those of earlier and later scholars. The nature of the paper necessitates its division into three sections, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and bibliography. The first section provides a definition of al-Akbari, the second defines irregularity linguistically and technically, and the third examines the examples deemed irregular in *Al-Lubab*. The study demonstrates that al-Akbari judged some evidences as irregular, thus removing them from the realm of authoritative proof, even though it is used by others. Sometimes, it is simply labeled as irregular without any explanation of the reasons for its irregularity. This makes it difficult for researchers to interpret or accurately judge it. Despite al-Akbari's extensive knowledge, he was quite lenient in not attributing verses to their authors; most of these verses appear without attribution in his book, al-Lubab.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Article Details

How to Cite
Yassin Bakr, A.-R. A., & Ahmed, A. A. (2026). Irregularity in the Grammatical Poetic Evidences of al-Akbari in his Book: Al-Lubab fi Ilal al-Bina’ wa al-I’rab: A descriptive and analytical study. Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities, 33(7, 1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.33.7.1.2026.1
Section
Articles

References

Al-Usul fi al-Nahw (The Principles of Grammar). Author: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Sari ibn Sahl al-Nahwi, known as Ibn al-Sarraj (d. 316 AH). Editor: Abdul Hussein al-Fatli. Publisher: Muassasat al-Risala, Lebanon – Beirut. Year of Publication: 1985 AD. Number of Volumes: 3.

I’rab al-Qur'an lil-Asbahani (Grammatical Analysis of the Qur'an by al-Asbahani). Author: Ismail ibn Muhammad ibn al-Fadl ibn Ali al-Qurashi al-Talhi al-Taymi al-Asbahani, Abu al-Qasim, nicknamed Qawam al-Sunna (d. 535 AH). Introduced and verified by: Dr. Faiza bint Omar al-Muayyad. Publisher: Unknown (Cataloging of King Fahd National Library - Riyadh). Edition: 1st, 1415 AH - 1995 AD. Number of Volumes: 1.

I’rab al-Qur'an (Grammatical Analysis of the Qur'an). Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Nahhas (d. 338 AH). Edited by Dr. Zuhair Ghazi Zahid. Publisher: Alam al-Kutub. Year of Publication: 1409 AH - 1988 AD. Place of Publication: Beirut. Number of Volumes: 5.

Al-Iqtirah fi Usul al-Nahw (The Proposal in the Principles of Grammar). Author: Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (d. 911 AH). Annotated by: Abd al-Hakim Atiyyah. Reviewed and introduced by: Alaa al-Din Atiyyah. Publisher: Dar al-Bayrouti, Damascus. Edition: 2nd, 1427 AH - 2006 AD. Number of Volumes: 1.

Al-Insaf fi Masa’il al-Khilaf bayna al-Nahwiyyin: al-Basriyyin wa al-Kufiyyin (Equity in the Disputed Issues Between Grammarians: Basrans and Kufans). Author: Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Ubayd Allah al-Ansari, Abu al-Barakat, Kamal al-Din al-Anbari (d. 577 AH). Publisher: Al-Maktaba al-Asriyya. Edition: 1st, 1424 AH - 2003 AD. Number of Volumes: 2.

Al-Badi’ fi ‘Ilm al-‘Arabiyya (The Creative in the Science of Arabic). Author: Majd al-Din Abu al-Sa’adat al-Mubarak ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim al-Shaybani al-Jazari, Ibn al-Athir (d. 606 AH). Edited and Studied by: Dr. Fathi Ahmad Ali al-Din. Publisher: Umm al-Qura University, Makkah - Saudi Arabia. Edition: 1st, 1420 AH. Number of Volumes: 2.

Takhlis al-Shawahid wa Talkhis al-Fawa’id (Extracting the Evidences and Summarizing the Benefits). Author: Jamal al-Din Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Yusuf ibn Hisham al-Ansari (d. 761 AH). Editor: Dr. Abbas Mustafa al-Salihi (College of Education - Baghdad). Publisher: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi. Edition: 1st, 1406 AH - 1986 AD.

Al-Tadhyil wa al-Takmil fi Sharh Kitab al-Tashil (The Appendage and Completion in the Commentary of the Book of Facilitation). Author: Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi. Editor: Dr. Hassan Hindawi. Publisher: Dar al-Qalam - Damascus (Vol. 1 to 5), and the remaining volumes: Dar Kunuze Ishbilia. Edition: 1st. Year of Publication: 1997 AD. Number of Volumes: 11 (13 have been issued so far).

Tawdih al-Maqasid wa al-Masalik bi-Sharh Alfiyyat Ibn Malik (Clarification of the Objectives and Paths in Explaining the Alfiyya of Ibn Malik). Author: Abu Muhammad Badr al-Din Hassan ibn Qasim ibn Abdullah ibn Ali al-Muradi al-Masri al-Maliki (d. 749 AH). Explained and Edited by: Abd al-Rahman Ali Sulayman, Professor of Linguistics at Al-Azhar University. Publisher: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi. Edition: 1st, 1428 AH - 2008 AD. Number of Volumes: 3.

Jami’ al-Bayan fi Ta’wil al-Qur'an (The Comprehensive Collection of Statements on the Interpretation of the Qur'an). Author: Muhammad ibn Jarir ibn Yazid ibn Kathir ibn Ghalib al-Amili, Abu Ja'far al-Tabari (d. 310 AH). Editor: Ahmad Muhammad Shakir. Publisher: Muassasat al-Risala. Edition: 1st, 1420 AH - 2000 AD. Number of Volumes: 24.

Al-Jana al-Dani fi Huruf al-Ma’ani (The Near Harvest in the Particles of Meanings). Author: Abu Muhammad Badr al-Din Hassan ibn Qasim ibn Abdullah ibn Ali al-Muradi al-Masri al-Maliki (d. 749 AH). Editors: Dr. Fakhr al-Din Qabawa & Mr. Muhammad Nadim Fadel. Publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut – Lebanon. Edition: 1st, 1413 AH - 1992 AD. Number of Volumes: 1.

Khizanat al-Adab wa Lub Lubab Lisan al-Arab (The Treasury of Literature and the Core Essence of the Tongue of Arabs). Author: Abd al-Qadir ibn Omar al-Baghdadi (d. 1093 AH). Edited and Explained by: Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun. Publisher: Al-Khanji Library, Cairo. Edition: 4th, 1418 AH - 1997 AD. Number of Volumes: 13 (11 volumes and two index volumes).

Al-Khasa'is (The Characteristics). Author: Abu al-Fath Othman ibn Jinni al-Mawsili (d. 392 AH). Publisher: The Egyptian General Book Authority. Edition: 4th. Number of Volumes: 3.

Al-Durr al-Masun fi ‘Ulum al-Kitab al-Maknun (The Preserved Pearl in the Sciences of the Hidden Book). Author: Abu al-Abbas, Shihab al-Din, Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn Abd al-Daim, known as al-Samin al-Halabi (d. 756 AH). Editor: Dr. Ahmad Muhammad al-Kharrat. Publisher: Dar al-Qalam, Damascus. Year of Publication: 1991 AD. Number of Volumes: 11.

Al-Dars al-Nahwi fi Kitab Sharh Lamiyyat al-Arab li-Abdullah ibn al-Hussein al-Ukbari (The Grammatical Study in the Commentary of Lamiyyat al-Arab by Abdullah al-Ukbari d. 616 AH). Author: Dr. Ali Akram Qasim. Tikrit University Journal for Humanities, Vol. [30], Issue [8], Part One. Year of Publication: 2023 AD.

Diwan Dhi al-Rummah, Sharh Abi Nasr al-Bahili, Riwayat Tha'lab (The Collected Poems of Dhu al-Rummah, Commentary by Abu Nasr al-Bahili, Narration of Tha'lab). Author: Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Hatim al-Bahili (d. 231 AH). Editor: Abd al-Quddus Abu Salih. Publisher: Muassasat al-Iman, Jeddah. Edition: 1st, 1982 AD - 1402 AH. Number of Volumes: 3 (continuous pagination).

Diwan Omar ibn Abi Rabi'a (The Collected Poems of Omar ibn Abi Rabi'a). Author: Omar ibn Abi Rabi'a. Publisher: Dar Sader for Printing. Year of Publication: 1966 AD.

Sirr Sina’at al-I’rab (The Secret of the Craft of Grammatical Analysis). Author: Abu al-Fath Othman ibn Jinni al-Mawsili (d. 392 AH). Publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut – Lebanon. Edition: 1st, 1421 AH - 2000 AD. Number of Volumes: 2.

Al-Shadh al-Sarfi fi al-Mukhassas li-Ibn Sidah (Morphological Anomalies in Al-Mukhassas by Ibn Sidah d. 458 AH). Author: Asst. Prof. Dr. Fayhaa Qahtan Mamdouh al-Nuaimi. Tikrit University Journal for Humanities, Vol. [29], Issue [9], Part One. Year of Publication: 2022 AD.

Sharh Ibn al-Nazim ‘ala Alfiyyat Ibn Malik (Commentary of Ibn al-Nazim on the Alfiyya of Ibn Malik). Author: Badr al-Din Muhammad, son of Imam Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Malik (d. 686 AH). Editor: Muhammad Basil ‘Uyun al-Sud. Publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya. Edition: 1st, 1420 AH - 2000 AD. Number of Volumes: 1.

Sharh Ibn ‘Aqil ‘ala Alfiyyat Ibn Malik (Commentary of Ibn ‘Aqil on the Alfiyya of Ibn Malik). Author: Ibn ‘Aqil, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Aqili al-Hamdani al-Masri (d. 769 AH). Editor: Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamid. Publisher: Dar al-Turath - Cairo, Dar Misr for Printing, Saeed Jawdah al-Sahhar and Co. Edition: 20th, 1400 AH - 1980 AD. Number of Volumes: 4.

Sharh al-Tashil al-Musamma "Tamhid al-Qawa’id bi-Sharh Tashil al-Fawa’id" (Commentary of Facilitation titled "Paving the Rules"). Author: Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Ahmad, Muhib al-Din al-Halabi then al-Masri, known as Nazir al-Jaysh (d. 778 AH). Study and Editing: Prof. Dr. Ali Muhammad Fakher et al. Publisher: Dar al-Salam for Printing, Publishing, Distribution, and Translation, Cairo - Egypt. Edition: 1st, 1428 AH. Number of Volumes: 11 (continuous pagination, 10 volumes plus an index volume).

Sharh al-Kafiya al-Shafiya (Commentary on al-Kafiya al-Shafiya). Author: Muhammad ibn Abdullah, Ibn Malik al-Ta’i al-Jayyani, Abu Abdullah, Jamal al-Din (d. 672 AH). Editor: Abd al-Mun’im Ahmad Haridi. Publisher: Umm al-Qura University, Scientific Research and Islamic Heritage Revival Center, College of Sharia and Islamic Studies, Makkah. Edition: 1st, 1982 AD. Number of Volumes: 5.

Sharh al-Mufassal lil-Zamakhshari (Commentary on al-Mufassal by al-Zamakhshari). Author: Ya’ish ibn Ali ibn Ya’ish ibn Abi al-Saraya Muhammad ibn Ali, Abu al-Baqa, Muwaffaq al-Din al-Asadi al-Mawsili, known as Ibn Ya’ish and Ibn al-Sani’ (d. 643 AH). Introduced by: Dr. Emil Badi’ Ya’qub. Publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut – Lebanon. Edition: 1st, 1422 AH - 2001 AD. Number of Volumes: 6 (5 volumes plus an index volume).

Sharh Kitab Sibawayh [Part of the book (from the chapter of Lamentation to the end of the chapter of Verbs) edited as a PhD dissertation]. Author: Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Isa al-Rummani (296 - 384 AH). PhD Thesis by: Saif ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Nasir al-Arifi. Supervised by: Dr. Turki ibn Sahu al-Otaibi. University: Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University - Riyadh - Saudi Arabia. Year: 1418 AH - 1998 AD. Number of Volumes: 2.

Sharh Kitab Sibawayh (Commentary on the Book of Sibawayh). Author: Abu Said al-Sirafi, al-Hasan ibn Abdullah ibn al-Marzuban (d. 368 AH). Editors: Ahmad Hassan Mahdali & Ali Sayyid Ali. Publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut – Lebanon. Edition: 1st, 2008 AD. Number of Volumes: 5.

Al-Sihah Taj al-Lugha wa Sihah al-Arabiyya (The Authentic: The Crown of Language and the Authentic of Arabic). Author: Abu Nasr Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari al-Farabi (d. 393 AH). Edited by: Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar. Publisher: Dar al-Ilm lil-Malayin – Beirut. Edition: 4th, 1407 AH - 1987 AD. Number of Volumes: 6.

Dara’ir al-Shi’r (Poetic Necessities). Author: Ali ibn Mu’min ibn Muhammad, al-Hadrami al-Ishbili, Abu al-Hassan known as Ibn ‘Asfur (d. 669 AH). Editor: Mr. Ibrahim Muhammad. Publisher: Dar al-Andalus for Printing, Publishing, and Distribution. Edition: 1st, 1980 AD. Number of Volumes: 1.

Al-Kamil fi al-Lugha wa al-Adab (The Complete in Language and Literature). Author: Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Mubarrad, Abu al-Abbas (d. 285 AH). Editor: Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim. Publisher: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi – Cairo. Edition: 3rd, 1417 AH - 1997 AD. Number of Volumes: 4.

Al-Kitab (The Book). Author: Amr ibn Othman ibn Qanbar al-Harithi by loyalty, Abu Bishr, nicknamed Sibawayh (d. 180 AH). Editor: Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun. Publisher: Al-Khanji Library, Cairo. Edition: 3rd, 1408 AH - 1988 AD. Number of Volumes: 4.

Al-Kunnash fi Fannay al-Nahw wa al-Sarf (The Notebook in the Arts of Grammar and Morphology). Author: Abu al-Fida Imad al-Din Ismail ibn Ali ibn Mahmoud ibn Muhammad ibn Omar ibn Shahanshah ibn Ayyub, al-Malik al-Muayyad, Prince of Hama (d. 732 AH). Study and Editing: Dr. Riyadh ibn Hassan al-Khawam. Publisher: Al-Maktaba al-Asriyya for Printing and Publishing, Beirut – Lebanon. Year of Publication: 2000 AD. Number of Volumes: 2.

Al-Lamat (The Lams). Author: Abd al-Rahman ibn Ishaq al-Baghdadi al-Nahawandi al-Zajjaji, Abu al-Qasim (d. 337 AH). Editor: Mazen al-Mubarak. Publisher: Dar al-Fikr – Damascus. Edition: 2nd, 1405 AH - 1985 AD. Number of Volumes: 1.

Al-Lubab fi ‘Ilal al-Bina’ wa al-I’rab (The Core in the Causes of Construction and Grammatical Analysis). Author: Abu al-Baqa Abdullah ibn al-Hussein ibn Abdullah al-Ukbari al-Baghdadi Muhib al-Din (d. 616 AH). Editor: Dr. Abd al-Ilah al-Nabhan. Publisher: Dar al-Fikr – Damascus. Edition: 1st, 1416 AH - 1995 AD. Number of Volumes: 2.

Lisan al-Arab (The Tongue of the Arabs). Author: Ibn Manzur (d. 711 AH). Editors: Abdullah Ali al-Kabir, Muhammad Ahmad Hasballah, & Hashim Muhammad al-Shadhli. Publisher: Dar al-Ma’arif, Cairo. Years of Publication: 1970-1979 AD. Number of Volumes: 6.

Dr. Ali Akram Qasim. Tikrit University Journal for Humanities, Vol. [30], Issue [8], Part One.

Al-Muzhir fi ‘Ulum al-Lugha wa Anwa’iha (The Luminous in the Sciences of Language and its Types). Author: Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (d. 911 AH). Editor: Fuad Ali Mansour. Publisher: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya – Beirut. Edition: 1st, 1418 AH - 1998 AD. Number of Volumes: 2.

Ma’ani al-Qur'an (Meanings of the Qur'an). Author: Abu Zakaria Yahya ibn Ziyad ibn Abdullah ibn Manzur al-Daylami al-Farra (d. 207 AH). Editors: Ahmad Yusuf al-Najati, Muhammad Ali al-Najjar, & Abd al-Fattah Ismail al-Shalabi. Publisher: Dar al-Misriyya lil-Ta'lif wa al-Tarjama – Egypt. Edition: 1st.

Mu’jam Maqayis al-Lugha (Dictionary of Language Measures). Abu al-Hussein Ahmad ibn Faris ibn Zakaria (d. 395 AH). Edited by Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun. Publisher: Dar al-Jeel. Year of Publication: 1420 AH - 1999 AD. Place of Publication: Beirut – Lebanon. Number of Volumes: 6.

Mughni al-Labib ‘an Kutub al-A’arib (The Sufficient for the Intelligent from the Books of Grammarians). Author: Abdullah ibn Yusuf ibn Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn Yusuf, Abu Muhammad, Jamal al-Din, Ibn Hisham (d. 761 AH). Editors: Dr. Mazen al-Mubarak & Muhammad Ali Hamdallah. Publisher: Dar al-Fikr – Damascus. Edition: 6th, 1985. Number of Volumes: 1.

Al-Mufassal fi San’at al-I’rab (The Detailed in the Craft of Grammatical Analysis). Author: Abu al-Qasim Mahmoud ibn Amr ibn Ahmad, al-Zamakhshari Jar Allah (d. 538 AH). Editor: Dr. Ali Bu Mulhim. Publisher: Maktabat al-Hilal – Beirut. Edition: 1st, 1993. Number of Volumes: 1.

Al-Maqasid al-Shafiya fi Sharh al-Khulasa al-Kafiya (The Healing Objectives in Explaining the Sufficient Summary - Commentary on Alfiyyat Ibn Malik). Author: Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Shatibi (d. 790 AH). Edited by a group of editors (Vols. 1-9 including Dr. Abd al-Rahman al-Othaymeen, Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim al-Banna, Dr. Ayad al-Thubaiti, Dr. Abd al-Majid Qatamish, et al.).

Ham’ al-Hawami’ fi Sharh Jam’ al-Jawami’ (The Flooding Rainfall in Explaining the Collection of Collections). Author: Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (d. 911 AH). Editor: Abd al-Hamid Hindawi. Publisher: Al-Maktaba al-Tawfiqiyya – Egypt. Number of Volumes: 3.

مصدر داخلي

Tikrit UniversityAbna’ al-Zaman (Obituaries of Eminent Men and H Tikrit University istory of the Sons of the Epoch). Abu al-Abbas Shams al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ibn Khallikan (608 - 681 AH). Edited by Ihsan Abbas. Publisher: Dar al-Thaqafa. Year of Publication: 1900. Place of Publication: Lebanon. Number of Volumes: 8.