النمذجة الرقمية لتقييم ديناميكيات التعرية المائية في قضاء بشدر لعام 2024

Abstract

   The study focuses on the factors affecting soil erosion caused by water in the region. It relies on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of erosion. Topographic data, such as terrain and slope, climatic data, including precipitation and temperature, and soil characteristics are analyzed for their impact on water erosion. To create a map predicting water erosion risks, a set of fundamental indicators was used: slope map, rock susceptibility map, soil erosion susceptibility map, land use map, coverage degree map, and soil protection degree map. The study concluded that digital modeling is a crucial tool for analyzing water erosion dynamics in Bashdar District. It provides a more accurate understanding of environmental processes like erosion and soil changes, allows for the prediction of erosion rates, and identifies areas most susceptible to soil degradation. GIS and RS techniques also enhance the accuracy of spatial data, facilitating short- and long-term change analysis and reducing reliance solely on field studies. The erosion risk prediction map indicates that weak erosion constitutes 28.2% of the total area, with relatively slow water flow contributing to soil stability, though some erosion is possible due to poor vegetation cover. This is followed by moderate erosion at 27.8%, where increasing runoff speed leads to moderate soil erosion, requiring effective land management strategies. Strong erosion ranks third at 25.7%, with high runoff speed causing significant loss of organic material and fertile soil, necessitating urgent measures. Very strong erosion accounts for 15.8%, with severe erosion due to steep slopes and high runoff speeds, leading to substantial and rapid soil loss, which may require intensive interventions such as constructing barriers and increasing vegetation cover. Finally, very weak erosion constitutes 2.5% of the area, reflecting minimal erosion due to negligible surface runoff, aiding in soil stability.