The Development of Economic Conditions in Tunisia after Independence 1956-1986 AD
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Abstract
After the French occupation of Tunisia in 1881, foreign affairs, defense, and most financial matters became its responsibilities. After the signing of the Mers El Kebir Treaty in 1883, it imposed a protectorate on Tunisia and France began to manage it directly. It practiced an unjust policy, as it seized agricultural lands, increased the number of its employees from French settlers in all sectors of the state, neglected education in the Arabic language, and suppressed all attempts of reform. Foreign settlers, including French, Italian, Maltese, and Jews, had a great economic, social, and political weight in Tunisia after they entered the country during the nineteenth century with missionary missions. Their departure from it created many economic and administrative problems, such as draining foreign currency and narrowing the horizons of external work, especially after they sold their properties and lands before their departure, which drained the currency significantly, which had a clear impact on the economic situation of the country.
After independence, Tunisia went through a severe economic and administrative crisis that lasted for nearly four years (1956-1960). The departure of these French settlers, including a large number of administrative employees, experts and businessmen, led to a recession in economic life and a decline in production in most sectors. The impact of this situation was clearly evident in the percentage of public investments, which decreased from (32) billion francs in 1953 to (19) billion francs in 1958 from local production. Despite this, the Tunisian government took several precautionary measures and developed its country's economic situation by following the nationalization policy at first, then the socialist policy that failed, forcing the government to move towards a capitalist economy and openness to the West to develop the country through thirty years.
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