Estimating the surface runoff of dry valleys east of Lake Street using the SCS-CN method and analyzing it using geomatics technology
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Abstract
Seasonal rainfall is prevalent in arid and semi-arid areas, as it is sometimes insufficient to form surface runoff, but rainfall in the form of sudden rainstorms generates surface runoff. The process of surface runoff varies due to a number of factors, including the slope of the surface, porosity and permeability of the soil and the ground cover. Therefore, the research aims to build a hydrological database and study the possibility of harvesting water for dry valleys east of lake Al-Sharaa, which is located in central Iraq and is affiliated with Salah Al-Din Governorate from the east. The study area occupies an area of approximately (2772.260) km2, bordered from the north and north-east by the Hamrin Hills and from the west by lake Al-Sharaa and from the south by the Al-Azim River. The study dealt with water harvesting in the basins of the study area. The soil conservation model method (SCS-CN) developed by the US Soil Conservation Service was used to estimate the volume of surface runoff, which depends on the type of soil in the basins, its permeability, and the classification of land cover types for the basins of the region. The results of the surface runoff volume equation according to the (CN) method showed that there is a variation in the values of this coefficient within the basins of the study area, depending on the climatic conditions, as well as the nature of the land cover, the density of the vegetation cover, and the level of slope in the area, as the (CN) values in the study area ranged between (57-94), and this indicates that the porosity and permeability are medium for a sandy layer of rocks, and this enhances the surface runoff in a medium way and also increases the amounts of sediments that are transported by this runoff
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