Investigating the Impact of Mobile Learning on EFL College Students’ Emotional and Cultural Intelligence
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of mobile learning on the emotional and cultural intelligence of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) college students at Garmian University. As mobile technologies become increasingly integrated into higher education, understanding their influence on students’ social-emotional and intercultural development is essential—particularly in language learning environments. Emotional intelligence (EI), defined as the ability to recognize, manage, and utilize emotions effectively, and cultural intelligence (CQ), the capacity to function and communicate effectively across cultures, are both crucial skills for successful EFL learners. This study adopts a correlational design to explore whether the use of mobile learning tools contributes to the development of these competencies. Data are collected through standardized questionnaires measuring EI and CQ among undergraduate English majors who use mobile learning platforms as part of their language instruction. The statistical results of the study indicate significant correlations between mobile learning and students’ emotional and cultural intelligence. The results will serve learners, policymakers and curriculum designers, in learning connecting with mobile-assisted language and encourage the integration of technological equipment that assist both linguistic and interpersonal development in EFL setting.
Metrics
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Alghamdi, S. R. (2020). Exploring the impact of mobile learning on EFL learners’ emotional development. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(2), 678–692.
Alemi, M., Sarab, M. R. A., & Lari, Z. (2015). Successful learning of academic word list via MALL: Mobile assisted language learning. International Education Studies, 8(6), 62–72. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n6p62
Alshammari, S. H., Parkes, M., & Adlington, R. (2018). Using mobile technologies in the EFL classroom: A study of student perceptions and engagement. Education and Information Technologies, 23(5), 2263–2276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9719-0
Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 3(3), 335–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2007.00082.x
Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 3(3), 335–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2007.00082.x
Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personality and cultural intelligence as predictors of the effectiveness of expatriate adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 502–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.09.004
Chen, X., & Yang, X. (2019). The impact of mobile learning on EFL students’ motivation and cultural awareness. Language Learning & Technology, 23(3), 24–36.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Crompton, H. (2013). A historical overview of mobile learning: Toward learner-centered education. In Z. L. Berge & L. Y. Muilenburg (Eds.), Handbook of mobile learning (pp. 3–14). Routledge.
Dewaele, J.-M. (2011). Reflections on the emotional and psychological aspects of foreign language learning and use. Anglistik: International Journal of English Studies, 22(1), 23–41.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books.
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice-Hall.
Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2020). Mobile-assisted language learning [MALL]. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The concise encyclopedia of applied linguistics (pp. 1–9). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0765
Kukulska-Hulme, A., & Shield, L. (2008). An overview of mobile assisted language learning: From content delivery to supported collaboration and interaction. ReCALL, 20(3), 271–289. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344008000335
Liu, M., Liu, S., Lee, S., & Magjuka, R. J. (2019). Cultural intelligence and mobile learning: Investigating the effectiveness of intercultural learning activities. Educational Technology & Society, 22(1), 89–100.
Pishghadam, R. (2009). Emotional and cultural intelligences: Which one predicts academic success? Iranian Journal of Language Testing, 1(1), 9–28.
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00001-4
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Zhang, H., & Xie, Q. (2018). Mobile-assisted vocabulary learning with digital flashcards: Examining the effects of application design and user behavior. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(1–2), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1386369