Commercial contracts and the role of agency in them from the era of the Prophet to the end of the first Abbasid era (1-232 AH/622-847 AD)
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Abstract
The observer of economic, political, social, and other developments finds that they resulted from expansion and openness on both internal and external levels. One of the developments that played a significant role in the Arab Islamic state was the emergence of commercial companies, which is one of the developments that contributed to the rise of a wealthy class in society, significantly impacting social and economic life in Mecca. Furthermore, the most prominent of these wealthy merchants played a crucial role in the Islamic call in Mecca.The contracts governing financial transactions were established to complement the rules laid down by Islamic law in the economic sphere. These contracts diversified according to the basis on which the contract was founded. The objective of the contract could be the sharing of capital and labor to achieve a profit that would benefit all parties involved, as well as the regulation of joint work among Muslims. This is referred to as commercial companies in the Islamic economy. These companies emerged among merchants and contributed to the advancement of trade, granting it vitality and dynamism. Such companies existed among merchants before and after the advent of Islam.Given the expansion of commercial activities and the development of trade relations with the external world, particularly with the countries of the Mashreq, there was a growing need for substantial funds to support their activities. As a result, merchants began to form various types of companies, including temporary and permanent ones (Saleh Ahmed Al-Ali, 1969, p. 140). Merchants contributed to these companies using their available funds, either in cash or credit (Al-Douri, 1999, p. 126). Therefore, this research aims to highlight the impact of companies on trade and the role of agency within them. The research consists of two chapters: the first explores companies, their characteristics, and types, while the second examines agency and its importance in companies.
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