التجوية الملحية وأثرها في المنشآت العمرانية / قرية السندية - دراسة حالة

Abstract

The research analyzed the impact of salt weathering on urban buildings within the study area, which is influenced by several factors, including soil and climatic factors. The study indicated the impact of climatic factors on geomorphological processes. Among the most important influencing climatic elements is the variation in temperature and amount of rain, which has the greatest impact on increasing the activity of geomorphological processes.  Mechanical weathering, especially salt weathering. The results of the analysis of samples taken according to the American classification of salinity based on electrical conductivity (mmol/cm) showed the presence of large quantities of salts, especially sodium chloride, in the building and soils used, as they ranged between (22.7 - 65.2) mm/cm, which is  high salinity levels.

With the availability of conditions that contributed to its activity, in addition to the permanent availability of surface water represented by the Tigris River within the study area and the increase in the effect of capillary action through the existing cracks and joints, which led to the activity of salt weathering, leaving behind deposits that appear in the form of a white layer covering the walls of urban buildings.  As this process continues, it turns into salt flakes (peeling) that separate from the walls coated with cement materials, plaster, or even paints, and begin to erode little by little after the crystallization of the salts increases further, until large parts of the building materials shatter and collapse, leaving behind distorted walls.  Its effect is limited to the peeling of the walls and the removal of the adhesives and building materials that cover them, but it continues its activity, leading to the erosion of the bricks and blocks with which those walls were built, and sometimes to the extraction of these materials, such as tile and ceramic (porcelain), and the erosion and collapse of parts of the walls, especially the external fences.